数据要素治理的范式新解与规则展开——基于“卡—梅框架”的视角

New Interpretation of Data Element Governance Paradigm and Expansion of Rules:From Perspective of C&M Framework

作为新的生产要素,数据已逐步渗透到市场经济的生产、流通、消费等各个环节,而数据的可资产化赋予了数据确权、流通与利用的重要意义。数据要素治理的价值体现在微观层面的个体信息保护,中观层面的数据产业发展以及宏观层面的国家安全战略三个维度。“卡—梅框架”下禁易规则、责任规则以及财产规则的基本内涵和适用条件,可将数据要素流通的不同场景置于同一体系下,进而明确数据产权与权益配置规则,实现数据要素市场的高效有序运行。实践路径方面,首先应利用类型化与场景化逻辑,细化数据权属的认定标准;其次,综合考量市场供求关系、交易行为对数据价值可减损性等明确数据定价基准;最后,利用数据交易的负面清单机制与隐匿性技术赋能敏感个人信息的保护。

As a new production factor,data is permeating in every link of market economy including production,circulation,and consumption.The capitalization of data endows it with important significance in terms of ownership affirmation,circulation,and utilization.Data element governance is valuable for the protection of individual information at the micro level,the development of data industry at the meso level,and national security strategy at the macro level.The basic connotations and applicable conditions of the Inalienability,Property Rules,and Liability Rules of the C&M Framework can place the various scenarios of data element flow under one system,so as to clarify data property rights and equity allocation rules and achieve the efficient and orderly operation of data element market.In terms of practical approach,firstly,the typed and scenario-based logic should be used to refine the identification standards of data ownership;secondly,the benchmark of data pricing should be clarified by comprehensively considering how market supply and demand relationship and transaction behavior impair data value;and finally,the negative list mechanism of data trade and concealment technology should be adopted to protect sensitive personal information.