基于语用理性的语言能力概念构拟

Reconceptualizing Communicative Competence Based on Pragmatic Rationality

语言能力的现有概念整体上深受实用主义影响,强调单方面的语言表达功能,相对忽视语言理解与沟通。从强调理解与沟通的语用理性角度看,语言能力是在以理解和共识为目标的语言沟通过程中的语言能力。它一方面是沟通主体依据真实性、有效性和正当性使用与理解语言的主体话语能力,包括认知能力、实践能力和评价能力;另一方面是秉持开放性和包容性协商差异与矛盾的主体间说理能力。这种强调理性与说理的语言能力观可为日常交往、矛盾调解和心理咨询等情境中的语言沟通提供可操作性指导方案。

The current conceptualization of communicative competence focuses more on the expressiveness of the speaker but less on understanding and communication,showing distinct influence by pragmaticism.From the perspective of pragmatic rationality,which stresses understanding and communication,communicative competence is the competence manifested in the linguistic communication oriented to mutual understanding and consensus.On the one hand,it is the discourse competence of communicative subjects to use and understand language according to truthfulness,effectiveness and rightness.The competence consists of cognitive,practical and evaluative ones.On the other hand,it is the intersubjective competence of reasonableness to negotiate on differences and conflicts in an open and tolerant manner.The approach to communicative competence,with emphasis on rationality and reasonableness,can serve as a feasible guideline for linguistic communication in the contexts of daily interaction,mediation and psychological counseling.