新型电力系统发展背景下碳捕集与利用技术的挑战及策略

Challenges and Strategies of Carbon Capture and Utilization Technology in the Context of the New Power Systems Development

构建低碳环保、安全高效的新型电力系统是实现“30·60”伟大目标的重要举措。电力行业作为我国国民能源经济的支柱产业,煤消耗量占全国总量的一半以上,是碳减排行动的主战场。目前,我国电力供应体系仍以火电为主导,短期内对煤炭能源的依赖性依然显著。因此,推进煤炭发电过程与碳捕集及利用(CCU)技术的有效耦合具有重要现实意义。首先对新型电力系统的核心内涵与构建方向展开讨论,并在此基础上,分析碳中和背景下新型电力系统所面临的机遇与挑战,以期为CCU技术进步及新型电力系统的未来发展提供建议。从战略上看,新型电力系统以“清洁低碳”为核心目标,结合新能源技术发展现状,深化CCU技术特别是实现二氧化碳捕集与大规模经济性利用一体化对于推动社会经济发展和“双碳”目标实现均具有长远意义,其关键在于加强能源与化工领域现代工程技术及前沿/颠覆性技术的系统性认识与创新发展。

Constructing a low-carbon,environmentally friendly,safe,and efficient new power system is the important measure to realize the great goal of‘30·60’.The power industry,as the pillar industry of China's national energy economy,consumes over half of the total coal resource,and is the primary field of carbon emission reduction.Currently,the thermal power still dominates China’s electric power supply,and will maintain a high dependence on coal energy in short term.Therefore,it is of great practical significance to promote the effective coupling of coal power generation process and carbon capture and utilization(CCU)technology.In this work,the core connotation and construction direction of the new power system are discussed,and based on which,the opportunities and challenges faced by the new power system under the background of carbon neutrality are expounded,aiming to provide suggestions for the future development of CCU technology and new power system.From a strategic point of view,for the new power system with"clean and low carbon"as the core goal,combined with the current development of new energy technologies,promoting the CCU technology,especially the integration of CO2 capture and large-scale economic carbon utilization,is of great significance for social economic development and the achievement of the"dual carbon"goals.The key lies in strengthening the systematic understanding and innovative development of modern engineering technologies and cutting-edge/disruptive technologies in the fields of energy and chemical engineering.