广州市土地利用变化特征及驱动力分析

Analysis of land use change characteristics and driving forces in Guangzhou city

基于2014—2021年的Landsat遥感影像分析广州市土地利用变化及其驱动力,以期优化土地利用现状,为资源可持续利用及生态环境保护提供依据。运用最大似然法进行监督分类,通过土地利用类型动态度和转移矩阵,从数量、速度、转移、空间方面总结变化特征,并结合主成分分析法与定性方法探究驱动因素。研究期内,各地类呈交替扩张和缩减特点。耕地减少1 308.42 km^(2),年变化率-8.55%,大部分变为城镇村及工矿用地、林地。城镇村及工矿用地增加1 016.38 km^(2),年变化率8.29%,主要从耕地、林地转变而来。林地增加313.22 km^(2),年变化率1.46%,多数由城镇村及工矿用地、耕地转变而来。水域及水利设施用地减少21.18 km^(2),年变化率-0.75%,主要变为耕地、城镇村及工矿用地。社会经济、自然地理、政策环境是引起广州市土地利用变化的核心驱动力,社会经济驱动力的影响最显著,包括人口因素、经济因素、产业因素和城市化因素。相关部门应控制人类活动对土地的开发利用强度,减少非农业用地对耕地的占用,积极开展环境保护与生态修复工作。

Based on the Landsat remote sensing images from 2014 to 2021,the land use change and driving forces in Guangzhou City were analyzed,so as to optimize the current situation of land use and provide a scientific basis for sustainable utilization of resources and ecological environment protection.The maximum likelihood method was used for supervised classification.Through the dynamic degree and transfer matrix of land use type,the characteristics of land use change were summarized from four aspects:quantity,speed,transfer,and spatial change.Moreover,the driving factors of land use change were explored by combining principal component analysis and qualitative methods.During the study period,the area of each land use type was characterized by alternating expansion and reduction.The area of cultivated land decreased by 1308.42 km^(2),and the annual change rate was-8.55%.Most of the cultivated land was changed into urban villages,industrial and mining land,and forest land.The area of land used for urban villages and industrial and mining land increased by 1016.38 km^(2),with an annual change rate of 8.29%,mainly transformed from cultivated land and forest land.The area of forest land increased by 313.22 km^(2),with an annual change rate of 1.46%,most of which was converted from urban villages,industrial and mining land,and cultivated land.The land occupied by water areas and water conservancy facilities decreased by 21.18 km^(2),with an annual change rate of-0.075%,and it was mainly changed into cultivated land,urban villages,and industrial and mining land.Social economy,physical geography,and policy environment were the core driving forces of land use change in Guangzhou City,and social economy had the most significant impact,including demographic factors,economic factors,industrial factors,and urbanization factors.Relevant departments should control the intensity of land development and utilization by human activities,reduce the occupation of cultivated land by nonagricultural land,and actively carry out environmental protection and ecological restoration.