学校撤并精准制度供给的“规制-规范-文化认知”路径研究——对英国伦敦哈克尼区案例的新制度主义视角考察

Research on the Precise Institution Supply"Regulation-Normative-Cultural Cognitive"Approach of School Consolidation:Analysis from Neo Institutionalism Perspective on the Case of London Hackney Borough in England

受人口出生率不断下降、入学人数不断减少的影响,英国伦敦哈克尼区政府宣布2024年9月撤并6所小学。学校撤并是项复杂的系统工程,要确保撤并的顺利进行,就需要精准的制度供给。运用新制度主义视角分析哈克尼区学校撤并的决策过程,发现其采取“规制-规范-文化认知”路径实现学校撤并的精准制度供给。其中,规制性制度提供学校撤并的合法基础、运行规则及经济支持。规范性制度确保学校撤并符合社会道德规范。文化认知性制度致力于在多样利益主体之间达成共识,形成共同理解。在取得一定制度成效的同时,仍面临过于注重形式合法性及受经济制约,政府决策面临是满足当前教育需求还是服务于未来长远可持续发展的两难困境等问题。

Affected by the declining birth rate and student enrollment,Hackney Government declared the consolidation of six primary schools from September 2024.However,school consolidation is a complex and systemic project.In order to ensure the successful implementation of school consolidation,precise institution supply is necessary.Using the Neo Institutionalism perspective,research founds that by using the"Regulation-Normative-Cultural Cognitive"approach,Hackney Borough provided precise institution supply for school consolidation.The Regulation institution provides legal basis,rules and economic support for school consolidation.The Normative institution ensures the school consolidation conforms to society's moral requirements.The Cultural Cognitive institution aims to the consensus and common understanding between multiple stakeholders.When achieved some extents of efficiency,there also exist several problems,such as the over-focusing on formal legitimacy and with the constrain of economic factors,and the government faces the dilemma between satisfying present educational needs and pursing the long term sustainable development of the education enterprise etc.