在学生与雇员之间:美国大学研究生助理的身份认同

Between Student and Employee:An Argument on the Identity of Graduate Assistants in American Universities

研究生助理群体在美国高等教育发展中占有重要地位,常有“学生抑或雇员”的身份争议。在自我认同方面,存在“学生、边缘化劳工和雇员”的角色纠结;在他者认同方面,呈现出“在学生与雇员之间”的复杂样态,表现为法律向度的分歧反复、实践向度的多样复杂、法律向度与实践向度的身份错位;在自我认同与他者认同之间也存在“学生抑或雇员”的身份纷争。在新自由主义蔓延与大学企业化运作的时代背景下,美国大学研究生助理的身份出现“伪雇员”的纷争走向,实质在于大学管理者对经济效益和管理权力的追逐。与企业不同,大学机构强调教育性和学术性,因此学生身份是研究生助理的本质身份。而研究生助理作为高等教育场域中的弱势一方,其合法权利和正当权益能否得到有效保障对于助理身份的建构至关重要。

The graduate assistant group occupies an important position in the development of higher education in the United States,and often has the controversial identity of"student or employee".In terms of selfidentity,there is a tangle of roles of"student,marginalized worker and employee"';in terms of other-identity,there is a complex pattern of"between student and employee",which is manifested in the repeated disagreement of legal orientation,the diversity and complexity of practical orientation,and the misalignment of legal and practical orientations.There is also a conflict of identity between self-identity and other-identity:"student or employee".In the context of the spread of neoliberalism and the corporatization of universities,the identity of graduate assistants in American universities has become a"pseudo-employee",and the essence lies in the pursuit of economic benefits and management power by university administrators.Unlike enterprises,university institutions emphasize educational and academic aspects,therefore student identity is the essential identity of graduate assistants.As a disadvantaged party in the field of higher education,whether the legitimate rights and interests of graduate assistants can be effectively protected is crucial for the construction of their assistant identity.