2017—2022年度海西州哨点医院流感样病例流行特征及病原学监测分析

Epidemiological characteristics and etiological surveillance of influenza-like cases in sentinel hospitals in Haixi Prefecture from 2017 to 2022

目的 分析2017—2022年度海西州流感样病例(influenza-like illness,ILI)流行特征及病原学监测结果,为流感防控提供参考依据。方法 收集2017—2022年度海西州2家哨点医院和2家流感网络实验室ILI和病原学监测情况,采用Excel 2021软件建立数据库,利用SPSS 22.0软件进行统计分析,χ^(2)检验用于率的比较分析,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果 2017—2022年度海西州2家哨点医院和2家流感网络实验室共监测到ILI 22 376例,ILI百分比(ILI%)为3.45%;2017年的ILI%最高(5.35%),2020年的ILI%最低(2.09%)。共采集了ILI咽拭子标本8 059份,分离833株流感病毒,阳性率10.34%;其中,甲型H3N2亚型最多(286株,34.33%),其次是甲型H1N1亚型(283株,33.97%),乙型Victoria系(234株,28.09%),乙型Yamagata系最少(30株,3.60%)。流感病毒阳性率由高到低依次为冬季(16.67%)、春季(11.96%)、夏季(4.71%)和秋季(1.31%),不同季节流感阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=328.349,P<0.001)。结论 2017—2022年度海西州流感发病存在明显的冬春季高发,病毒型别主要为甲型H3N2、H1N1和乙型Victoria系3种型别,流感各亚型交替流行,5岁以下儿童是重点防控人群。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and etiological surveillance results of influenza-like illness(ILI)in Haixi Prefecture from 2017 to 2022,and to provide reference for the prevention and control of influenza.Methods ILI and etiological surveillance data of 2 sentinel hospitals and 2 influenza network laboratories in Haixi Prefecture from 2017 to 2022 were collected.Excel 2021 software was used to establish a database.SPSS 22.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Chi-square test was used for comparative analysis of rates,and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results A total of 22376 cases of ILI were detected in 2 sentinel hospitals and 2 influenza network laboratories in Haixi Prefecture from 2017 to 2022,with a ILI percentage(ILI%)of 3.45%.ILI%was highest in 2017(5.35%)and lowest in 2020(2.09%).A total of 8059 ILI throat swab samples were collected,and 833 strains of influenza virus were isolated,with a positive rate of 10.34%.Among them,influenza A(H3N2)subtype was the most(286 strains,34.33%),followed by influenza A(H1N1)subtype(283 strains,33.97%)and B Victoria lineage(234 strains,28.09%),and B Yamagata lineage was the least(30 strains,3.60%).The positive rate of influenza virus was 16.67%in winter,11.96%in spring,4.71%in summer and 1.31%in autumn.The positive rates of influenza virus in different seasons were significantly different(χ^(2)=328.349,P<0.001).Conclusions From 2017 to 2022,there was an obvious high incidence of influenza in Haixi Prefecture in winter and spring.The virus types were mainly influenza A H3N2,H1N1 and B Victoria lineage,and the influenza subtypes alternated.Children under 5 years old were the priority groups for prevention and control.