抒情阐述构式“你说X”的语用压制和语用转喻

“Ni shuo(you say)X”as an expressive-representative construction:Pragma-coercion and pragma-metonymy

本文尝试分析汉语特有的“你说X”的生成机制。本文从新兴的词汇—构式语用学视角进行考察,发现“你说X”构式的宾语小句“X”一般由反问句、陈述句或感叹句构成。其次,“你说”和小句“X”的语用矛盾触发其双重语用压制:词汇“你说”压制构式“你说X”,“你说X”构式又压制词汇“你说”。结果表现为“你说”的祈使言说义虚化,或者说发生话语标记化,获得了社会认知功能或篇章构建功能,而整个构式获得了(社会公约化评价的)抒情阐述的构式义及(社会共知的)共场共鸣的构式效。上述双重双向语用压制的机制在于其语用转喻,制约着言者使用该构式生成上述构式义和构式效以及听者对其构式义效的推理。鉴于该构式的上述特征,该构式可英译为“wouldn’t you say/think X?”“you know X”“you tell me X”等。

This paper investigates the mechanism of the Chinese–specific“ni shuo(you say)X”as an expressive-representative construction.In light of the emerging Lexico-constructional Pragmatics,we study the construction and produce three findings:a.The X-clause following ni shuo can be a rhetorical question,a declarative or an exclamatory clause.b.Pragmatic disagreement between ni shuo and X triggers a bidirectional pragma-coercion,i.e.,there is seen ni shuo's coercion on the construction and the construction's coercion on ni shuo,resulting in ni shuo's grammaticalization to be an utterance marker for socio-cognitive and textual functions,and the construction's acquiring the constructional meaning of“expressive representative”(of socio-conventional appraisal),plus the constructional effect of“consubstantial(ity)and empathy”(in terms of some shared social knowledge).c.This bidirectional pragma-coercion is made possible by its pragma-metonymy,which determines both the generation and understanding of the above constructional meaning and effect.Due to such features,the“ni shuo X”construction can be marginally equivalent in translation to such English expressions as“wouldn't you say/think X?”“you know X”or“you tell me X”in addition to omission.