义务教育阶段经济困难家庭学生精准资助的外溢效应

Spillover Effect of Targeted Subsidies for Students from Economically Disadvantaged Families in Compulsory Education

面向经济困难家庭学生实施精准资助是防范贫困、实现共同富裕的重要政策工具。本文采用中国教育追踪调查数据,利用随机分班形成因果识别设计,就义务教育阶段经济困难家庭学生“一补”(即发放生活补助金)资助政策的外溢效应进行估计。研究发现,班级中经济困难家庭学生受“一补”资助对于同班其他同学的学业成绩具有显著的正外溢效应。经济困难家庭的精准识别对于“一补”资助形成外溢效应具有重要影响。“一补”精准资助之所以产生外溢效应,与同学之间的学习互动和人际交往有着密切的联系。机制分析结果表明,经济困难家庭学生接受资助能显著提升班级同学的学习努力水平,改善班级同学之间的人际关系,增强班级的融合度与凝聚力。面向经济困难家庭学生实施精准资助蕴含着巨大的经济价值,是新发展阶段推进共同富裕的重要抓手与有效手段。建议教育资助政策未来应进一步降低资助门槛,提升对经济困难家庭学生的精准识别度,并依据学生家庭的困难程度实行有差别资助。

Implementing accurate financial grants for students from economically disadvantaged families is an important policy tool for preventing poverty and achieving the Common Prosperity Goal.Using the China Education Panel Survey data and the causal identification design formed by random student-classroom assignment,this paper estimates the spillover effect of the“one subsidy”policy for students from economically disadvantaged families at elementary and secondary school.We found that the“one subsidy”has a significant positive spillover effect on the academic performance of unsubsidized students in the class.The accurate identification of economically disadvantaged families has a significant impact on the spillover effect of“one subsidy”policy.Formation of this spillover effect which is closely related to the learning interaction and interpersonal communication among students depends a lot on accurate identification of poverty.The results of mechanism analysis show that the learning effort level of students,interpersonal relationship between classmates,and the integration and cohesion of class can significantly be promoted by subsidies for students from economically disadvantaged families.The implementation of this targeted subsidy contains great economic value which can be an important starting point and effective means to promote common prosperity in the new development stage.In the future,we should further lower the threshold of educational subsidies for policies of poverty alleviation,improve the level of accurate identification for students from economically disadvantaged families,and implement differential subsidies according to the poverty degree of students'families.