基于康德三种愉悦理论对鲁迅笔下“看客们”心理动态的分析

The Psychological Dynamics of"Spectators"in Lu Xun's Writing Based on Kant's Three Kinds of Pleasures

康德《判断力批判》“美的分析论”中,三种不同特性的愉悦(快适、善和美的愉悦)为重新解读鲁迅先生《论“人言可畏”》一文里“看客们”的行动轨迹提供了详实的理论依据。特殊时空背景下,“看客们”以“掷地有声”的言谈为制胜工具,淋漓尽致地演绎了不同的愉悦形象。通过其怪异形象、矛盾心理的深刻分析,进一步披露鲁迅作品中“看客们在”国民劣根性诱导下,攫取“快适的愉悦”和“善的愉悦”时畸形声讨与哀怜的异样表现,从而对“审美的愉悦”里人之为人的深远命题寄予美好愿景。

In Kant's Analytic Theory of Beauty in his Critique of Judgement,the three different characteristics of pleasure(pleasure of pleasure,goodness and beauty)provide a detailed theoretical basis for the re-inter⁃pretation of"spectators"in Lu Xun's essay On the Fearfulness of People's Words.In the particular context of time and space,the"spectators"use the"sound"of speech as a winning tool,and they perform different pleasurable images to the fullest.Through the sequential analysis of their strange images and contradictory psy⁃chology,they further disclose the aberrant expressions of denunciation and pity of the"spectators"when they are induced by the inferiority of the national character to seize the"pleasure of pleasure"and the"pleasure of goodness",and thus gives a beautiful vision to the far-reaching proposition of the human being in the"aes⁃thetic pleasure",cleanses the inherent style of action,and paves a bright road belonging to the"spectators".