浙江省老年医学科住院患者营养一日调查及影响因素分析

One-day survey on nutrition of geriatrics inpatients in Zhejiang province and analysis of influencing factors

目的对浙江地区老年医学科住院患者展开营养一日调查研究,评估老年住院患者营养与健康状况,并对老年住院患者营养现状及影响因素进行相关性分析,为临床干预提供证据支持。方法本研究为多中心横断面研究。通过典型抽样,对浙江地区42家医疗单位的老年医学科住院患者进行营养一日调查,以问卷形式调查其人口统计学资料,记录24 h膳食摄入并计算总热量及总蛋白质摄入量,进行营养相关老年综合征筛查,采集实验室数据等。运用SPSS 25.0软件分析不同营养状况组间差异,对影响老年住院患者营养现状的可能因素进行分析。结果共调查老年住院患者332例,收集有效问卷325份(97.9%)。营养不良组30例(9.2%);营养不良风险组120例(36.9%);营养正常组175例(53.8%)。37.8%(123例)的老年住院患者达到了推荐蛋白质每日最低摄入量1g/(kg·d)。矫正混杂因素后,多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示较短的每日静坐时长(2~4 h)、独立行走、辅助行走、住院前进食量同平时、自我感觉健康状况好或一般是老年住院患者营养状况的保护因素,而缺齿(牙齿数目<5颗)则是危险因素。结论住院老年人院前生活情况、膳食摄入与营养状态密切相关,应重视对住院老年人的膳食评估以及营养评估,并对生活方式做出干预指导。

ObjectiveA one-day nutritional survey study was conducted on geriatric inpatients in the Zhejiang region to evaluate their nutritional and health status.The study aimed to assess the nutritional and health status of elderly patients in the hospital,as well as perform a correlation analysis on the factors influencing the nutritional status of geriatric inpatients.The findings aim to provide evidence to support clinical interventions.MethodsThis multicenter cross-sectional study involved conducting a one-day nutritional survey among geriatric inpatients in 42 medical units across Zhejiang,China.Questionnaires were utilized to gather demographic information,record 24-hour dietary intake,calculate total calorie and protein intake,screen for nutrition-related geriatric syndromes,and collect laboratory data from inpatients in the geriatrics department of these medical facilities.Analysis of the data was performed using SPSS 25.0 software to compare groups with varying nutritional statuses and identify potential influencing factors on the nutritional status of elderly hospitalized patients.ResultsA total of 325 valid surveys(97.9%)were collected from 332 senior inpatients.Among them,30 individuals(9.2%)were classified in the malnutrition group,120 individuals(36.9%)were in the group at risk for malnutrition,and 175 individuals(53.8%)were in the group with appropriate nutrition.Approximately 37.8%(123 out of 325)of elderly hospitalized patients met the recommended minimum daily protein intake of 1g/(kg·d).Following adjustment for confounding variables,the results of multifactorial logistic regression analysis revealed that shorter daily sedentary time(2-4h),independent ambulation,assisted ambulation,maintaining regular food intake before hospitalization,and good or fair self-perceived health were protective factors for the nutritional status of elderly hospitalized patients.Conversely,having fewer than 5 teeth was identified as a risk factor.ConclusionsThe prehospital living status of elderly hospitalized patients is closely related to their nutritional status.It is important to prioritize nutritional assessment and provide intervention guidance for lifestyle improvements in this population.