飞行员低压舱高空生理训练表现的调查研究

Investigation on performance of pilots in high altitude physiological training

目的探讨飞行员在低压低氧环境中的主客观表现,为预防因缺氧导致的飞行安全事故提供依据。方法回顾性分析飞行员高空生理训练的相关数据,并汇总其缺氧训练后填写的缺氧症状调查表。根据其有效意识时间分为优秀组(有效意识时间≥6 min)、良好组(3 min≤有效意识时间<6 min)和合格组(2 min≤有效意识时间<3 min),统计分析各组飞行员缺氧症状及生理参数。结果共纳入飞行员919名,优秀组、良好组和合格组分别为416、490和13名。3组飞行员25种缺氧症状中,麻木和计算困难的构成比差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=6.04、7.79,P=0.049、0.020),其余23种缺氧症状构成比差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。血氧饱和度的变化在组别主效应、时间主效应、组别和时间交互作用中,差异均有统计学意义(F=25.65、1039.77、25.22,P均<0.001);心率的变化在时间主效应中,差异有统计学意义(F=66.41,P<0.001),在组别主效应及组别和时间交互作用中差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05);呼吸频率的变化在组别主效应、时间主效应及组别和时间交互作用中,差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。血氧饱和度在81%~90%、71%~80%和65%~70%变化范围内,3组停留时间差异均有统计学意义(H=125.93、372.83、13.10,P均≤0.001);在91%~100%变化范围内,3组停留时间差异无统计学意义(H=2.48,P=0.289)。结论优秀组在较高血氧饱和度和较长有效意识时间上表现出更好的保持能力,这意味着他们在低氧环境中能够有更好的表现和意识来支撑操纵能力。

Objective To provide basis for preventing flight safety accidents caused by hypoxia by exploring the subjective and objective performance of pilots in hypobaric hypoxia environment.Methods The relevant data of pilots′high altitude physiological training were retrospectively analyzed and a symptom questionnaire upon the training were summarized.The pilots were divided into excellent group(time of useful consciousness>6 min),good group(3 min≤time of useful consciousness<6 min)and qualified group(2 min≤time of useful consciousness<3 min)according to the time of useful consciousness.The hypoxia symptoms and physiological parameters of pilots in each group were statistically analyzed.Results A total of 919 pilots were included,in which 416 were in excellent group,490 were in good group and 13 were in qualified group.Among the 25 hypoxia symptoms,there were significant differences in the components of numbness and difficulty in calculation among 3 groups(χ^(2)=6.04,7.79,P=0.049,0.020),but there were no significant differences in the components of the other 23 hypoxia symptoms(all P>0.05).The changes of blood oxygen saturation were significant in group main effect,time main effect and their interaction(F=25.65,1039.77,25.22,all P<0.001).The change of heart rate was statistically significant in the main effect of time(F=66.41,P<0.001)but in time main effect and their interaction(both P>0.05).There was no significant difference in respiratory rate among group main effect,time main effect and their interaction(all P>0.05).The distribution and variation of blood oxygen saturation were statistically significant differences among the 3 groups in the ranges of 81%-90%,71%-80%and 65%-70%(H=125.93,372.83,13.10,all P≤0.001)unlike the range of 91%-100%(H=2.48,P=0.289).Conclusions The excellent group showed better blood oxygen saturation maintaining and useful consciousness time enduring capabilities,and those imply them in better performance and consciousness that enable the operation in hypoxic environment with more ease.