长航时飞行中飞行人员疲劳情况及对抗措施调查

Investigation on fatigue and countermeasures of the flying personnel during long-haul flight

目的调查飞行人员长航时飞行的疲劳情况与对抗措施,帮助飞行人员预防飞行疲劳风险,保障飞行安全。方法随机整群抽取空军部队的飞行人员作为研究对象,按照年龄分为21~30、31~40和41~50岁组;按照人员岗位分为歼击机飞行员、轰炸机飞行员、空中航行指令师/空中通信控制师/空中机械师及其他组。采用自制的“长航时飞行航卫保障问题调查问卷”,比较不同年龄及人员岗位飞行人员长航时飞行的疲劳情况及其对抗措施。结果共发放问卷156份,回收有效问卷150份,回收有效率96.2%。不同年龄飞行人员长航时飞行中出现的困倦或打瞌睡、颈腰肩不适、反应迟钝3种疲劳情况(χ^(2)=12.62、11.77、12.23,P=0.002、0.003、0.002),与队友谈话、活动身体2项疲劳对抗措施(χ^(2)=6.37、16.70,P=0.041、<0.001)及调节睡眠节律、全面体能训练、进食功能食品和模拟训练4项提高飞行能力的措施(χ^(2)=8.81、11.48、9.59、7.32,P=0.012、0.003、0.008、0.026)差异均有统计学意义。不同岗位飞行人员长航时飞行中出现的视觉疲劳、困倦或打瞌睡、颈腰肩不适3种疲劳情况(χ^(2)=10.39、17.89、8.42,P=0.016、0.001、0.038),采用饮水或进食来对抗疲劳(χ^(2)=19.06,P<0.001),及采用眼睛抗疲劳措施来提高飞行能力(χ^(2)=12.09,P=0.007)的差异均有统计学意义。结论长航时飞行中,飞行人员的年龄和岗位因素影响着其疲劳情况和对抗措施的选择,建议进行针对性和综合性的干预。

Objective To help flying personnel prevent flight fatigue risk and ensure flight safety by investigating the fatigue and countermeasures of flying personnel during long-haul flight.Methods Air Force flying personnel were randomly selected from a cluster.They were divided into 21-30,31-40 and 41-50 years group according to age.According to the post,they were divided into fighter pilots,bomber pilots,air navigation commander/air communication controller/aerial machinist and other groups.The self-made"questionnaire of aeromedical support to long-haul flight safety"was used to collect the fatigue condition and countermeasures of flying personnel in long-haul flight for the comparison among age and post groups.Results Out of 156 questionnaires,150 were valid,with a response rate of 96.2%.For the comparisons among age groups,the significant differences were observed in 3 fatigue symptoms such as drowsiness/sleepiness,discomfort on neck,waist,and shoulders,and degraded reaction(χ^(2)=12.62,11.77,12.23,P=0.002,0.003,0.002),2 fatigue countermeasures such as talking with teammates and engaging in physical activity(χ^(2)=6.37,16.70,P=0.041,<0.001),and 4 measures of maintaining flight ability such as sleep management,comprehensive physical training,functional food intake and simulation training(χ^(2)=8.81,11.48,9.59,7.32,P=0.012,0.003,0.008,0.026).For the comparisons among post groups,the significant differences were observed in 3 fatigue symptoms as visual fatigue,drowsiness/sleepiness,and discomfort on neck,waist,and shoulders(χ^(2)=10.39,17.89,8.42,P=0.016,0.001,0.038),as well as in fatigue countermeasures chosen like taking in water or food(χ^(2)=19.06,P<0.001)and in improving flight ability chosen like relieving eye fatigue(χ^(2)=12.09,P=0.007).Conclusions The age and post factors influence the fatigue conditions and countermeasures chosen in the flying personnel during long-haul flight.The targeted and comprehensive interventions are suggested.