宋朝粮食安全政策及其实践

On the Food Security Policy and Its Practice in the Song Dynasty

两宋时期,自然灾害多发,战争频繁,人口增长,人地矛盾突出,土地兼并严重,粮食安全形势严峻。宋朝政府大力垦田,发展农业,提高耕作技术,增加粮食产量;鼓励粮食贸易,促进粮食流通,稳定粮食价格;加强仓储建设,完善仓储管理,确保灾荒与突发情况下的粮食供给。宋朝通过一系列政策措施,有力促进了农业的发展,为社会经济的发展奠定了基础,也对粮食安全起到了重要保障作用。但宋朝粮食安全政策也存在不足与缺陷,许多好的政策、措施不能一以贯之,加之自然灾害频发、财政危机、吏治腐败,粮食危机亦日趋严重,进一步削弱了国家保障粮食安全的能力。

In the Song Dynasty,natural disasters and wars among the nations were frequent,the population grew,the contradiction between human and land were conspicuous,land annexation was serious,and the food security situations was grim.The government of the Song Dynasty vigorously reclaimed fields,developed agriculture,improved farming techniques,and increased grain production;Encouraged grain trade,promoted grain circulation,and stabilized grain prices;Strengthened storage construction,increased reserves,and improved storage management to ensure food in disasters and emergencies.Through a series of policies and measures,the Song Dynasty promoted the development of agriculture,laid a foundation for the social and economic development,and also played an important role in ensuring food security.However,the food security policies and measures also had deficiencies and defects,and many good policies and measures could not be consistent,coupled with frequent natural disasters,financial crises,and corruption of officials,the food crisis was also becoming more and more serious,further weakening the country's ability to ensure food security.