婴儿食物过敏患病现况及其与一级亲属过敏性疾病相关性分析

Prevalence of food allergy in infants and its association with allergic diseases in first-degree relatives

目的了解婴儿食物过敏现况及其与一级亲属过敏性疾病患病的相关性,为婴儿过敏性疾病的预防干预提供科学依据。方法在我国华东、华中、华南、西南地区选取11个城市作为研究现场,以当地妇幼保健机构2018年10月—2019年11月住院孕产妇及其分娩的活产婴儿为研究对象,对住院分娩的产妇开展基线问卷调查,并分别在产后42 d、婴儿满3月、6月和12月龄进行4次追踪随访。婴儿食物过敏的诊断采用临床统一标准,采用面对面询问的方法收集婴儿一级亲属(母亲、父亲、兄、姐)的人口学特征和过敏性疾病(特应性皮炎、食物过敏、过敏性鼻炎和哮喘)患病情况。采用单因素和二分类logistic多因素模型分析婴儿与一级亲属过敏性疾病患病的相关性。结果调查婴儿2681人,食物过敏患病率6.12%。有一级亲属过敏家族史的婴儿食物过敏患病率为7.32%,其中母亲和兄/姐均有过敏史的婴儿食物过敏患病率为11.24%,而无过敏家族史婴儿食物过敏患病率为5.19%。母亲患食物过敏与婴儿患食物过敏相关[比值比(odds ratio,OR)=2.03,95%(confidence interval,CI):1.04~3.97];母亲与兄/姐均患过敏性疾病增加婴儿患食物过敏风险(OR=2.44,95%CI:1.19~5.03)。结论婴儿期过敏性疾病高发,有过敏家族史尤其是母亲或同胞有过敏性疾病史婴儿的患病风险更高。

Objective This study aimed to understand the prevalence of infant food allergy,analyze its correlation with allergic diseases in first-degree relatives,and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and intervention of infant allergic diseases.Methods Eleven cities in the eastern,central,southern,and southwestern regions of China were selected as the research sites.In-patient pregnant women and their live-born infants from local maternal and child healthcare institutions from October 2018 to November 2019 were selected as the study subject.A baseline questionnaire survey was conducted for in-patient pregnant women,and four follow-up visits were carried out at 42 days postpartum and when the infants reached 3,6,and 12 months of age.The diagnosis of infant food allergy was based on clinical uniform criteria.The demographic characteristics of first-degree relatives of infants(mother,father,siblings)and the prevalence of allergic diseases(atopic dermatitis,food allergies,allergic rhinitis,and asthma)were collected using face-to-face interviews.Univariate and logistic multivariate models were used to analyze the correlation between infants and first-degree relatives with allergic diseases.Results The prevalence of food allergy among 2681 infants was 6.12%.Infants with a family history of first-degree relative allergies had a prevalence of food allergy of 7.32%,with a prevalence of 11.24%in infants whose mothers and siblings had a history of allergy,while the prevalence was 5.19%in infants without a family history of allergy.Food allergy in mothers was significantly associated with food allergy in infants[(odds ratio,OR)=2.03,95%(confidence interval,CI):1.04-3.97].Allergic diseases in both mothers and siblings significantly increased the risk of food allergy(OR=2.44,95%CI:1.19-5.03).Conclusions The prevalence of allergic diseases is high in infancy,especially in those with a family history of allergies,particularly when the mother or siblings have a history of allergic diseases.