中山市某医院就诊成人患者流感疫苗接种现状及影响因素分析

Analysis of the current status and influencing factors of influenza vaccinaion among patients in Zhongshan City under the integration of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

目的分析粤港澳大湾区(湾区)广东省中山市某医院的就诊成人患者的流行性感冒(流感)疫苗接种率和接种意识及其影响因素,了解湾区就诊患者流感疾病负担及对创新流感疫苗的需求。方法2022年12月8日—2023年2月28日采用分层抽样方法对既往或正在中山市某医院8个科室(部门)就诊的在粤患者进行问卷调查,调查人口学特征、认知、流感疫苗接种既往史等信息,并对流感疫苗接种率及接种意识的影响因素进行单因素分析及多因素logistic回归分析。结果39.23%(692/1764)的湾区就诊患者接种了流感疫苗,≥50岁患者疫苗接种率为39.75%(411/1034)。54.31%(958/1764)的湾区就诊患者认为流感比感冒严重,≥50岁湾区就诊患者(49.42%)略低于整体水平。居住地区(中国香港、中国澳门)、患有糖尿病、哮喘、慢性支气管炎、曾罹患过流感、流感疫苗的知晓情况影响流感疫苗的接种率。年龄(OR=0.98,95%CI:0.97~0.99)、心血管疾病(OR=1.88,95%CI:1.11~3.18)、糖尿病(OR=1.65,95%CI:1.01~2.69)、过去1年罹患过流感(OR=3.99,95%CI:2.31~6.92)、流感疫苗的知晓情况(OR=7.20,95%CI:4.45~11.65)是认为流感疫苗接种非常有必要的影响因素。32.43%(572/1764)湾区就诊患者倾向于接种重组四价流感疫苗(recombinant quadrivalent influenza vaccine,RIV4),57.03%(1006/1764)湾区就诊患者希望能在湾区内地城市接种到港澳已上市的流感疫苗。结论湾区就诊成人患者对流感及流感疫苗认知不足,但对流感疫苗的认可度高,尤其是≥50岁人群,还需加强流感及流感疫苗相关知识的科普宣传。创新流感疫苗可作为提高流感疫苗覆盖率、可及性以及流感防控能力的有效措施。

Objective To analyze the influenza vaccine coverage rate and vaccination awareness,as well as influencing factors,among adult patients at a comprehensive hospital in Zhongshan,Guangdong Province in the Greater Bay Area(GBA).Additionally,to assess the influenza disease burden among patients in the Greater Bay Area and understand the need for innovative influenza vaccines.Methods From December 8,2022,to February 28,2023,a stratified sampling method was employed to conduct a survey among adult patients who had been or were currently being treated in eight departments of a hospital in Zhongshan.The survey collected information on demographic characteristics,awareness,and history of influenza vaccination.The factors influencing influenza vaccine coverage rate and vaccination awareness were analyzed with univariate analysis and multiple logistic regression analysis.Results 39.23%(692/1764)of Greater Bay Area patients received the flu vaccine,with a vaccination rate of 39.75%(411/1034)for those over 50 years.54.31%(958/1764)of Greater Bay Area patients considered influenza was more severe than the common cold,while this percentage was slightly lower among patients over 50 years of age(49.42%).Place of residence(Hong Kong and Macao,China),chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus,asthma,chronic bronchitis,history of influenza infection,and awareness of influenza vaccines are significantly associated with the influenza vaccine coverage rate(VCR).Age(OR=0.98,95%CI:0.97-0.99),cardiovascular disease(OR=1.88,95%CI:1.11-3.18),diabetes(OR=1.65,95%CI:1.01-2.69),history of influenza infection(OR=3.99,95%CI:2.31-6.92),and awareness of influenza vaccine(OR=7.20,95%CI:4.45-11.65)were essential factors for influenza vaccination.32.43% of Greater Bay Area patients preferred the recombinant quadrivalent influenza vaccine(RIV4),and 57.03% of Greater Bay Area residents would like to receive innovative influenza vaccines licensed in Hong Kong/Macao in mainland cities of Greater Bay Area.Conclusions Most adult patients in the GuangdongHong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area have insufficient knowledge of influenza and influenza vaccines.However,they highly recognize the value of the influenza vaccine,especially among the elderly aged 50 years and above,and it is necessary to enhance public awareness of influenza and influenza vaccine.Innovative influenza vaccines could be an effective way to raise flu VCR,improve vaccine accessibility and enhancing influenza prevention capability.