酶联免疫吸附法与胶体金免疫层析法对人类免疫缺陷病毒抗体的检测价值分析

Analysis of the detection value of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and colloidal gold immunochromatography for human immunodeficiency virus antibodies

目的探析酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)与胶体金免疫层析法(GICA)对人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)抗体的检测价值。方法选取2020年8月至2021年8月于枣庄市立医院接受HIV抗体检测的320例疑似艾滋病(AIDS)患者作为研究对象,均实施ELISA及GICA检测。以实验室病理结果为金标准,比较两种检测方法HIV阳性病例检出情况及诊断准确度、灵敏度、特异度。结果实验室病例组织活检结果显示,阴性285例,阳性35例;GICA检测阴性298例,阳性22例,与实验室病理组织活检结果相比,假阳性5例,假阴性18例;ELISA检测阴性282例,阳性38例,与实验室病例组组活检结果相比,假阳性4例,假阴性1例。ELISA诊断准确度为98.44%、灵敏度为97.14%,高于GICA的92.81%、48.57%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组特异度比较差异无统计学意义。结论与GICA相比,ELISA检测HIV抗体的准确度、灵敏度较高,因此,可将ELISA作为检测HIV抗体的主要方法。

Objective To explore the detection value of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)and colloidal gold immunoassay(GICA)for human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)antibodies.Methods 320 suspected acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS)patients who were tested for HIV antibody in Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital from August 2020 to August 2021 were selected as the research subjects,and all of them were tested by ELISA and GICA.Taking the laboratory pathological results as the gold standard,the detection of HIV positive cases and the diagnos-tic accuracy,sensitivity and specificity of the two methods were compared.Results The results of laboratory case tissue biopsy showed that 285 cases were negative and 35 cases were positive;298 cases were negative and 22 cases were positive in GICA testing,compared with the results of labo-ratory pathological tissue biopsy,there were 5 false positives and 18 false negatives;there were 282 negative cases and 38 positive cases detected by ELISA,compared with the biopsy results of the laboratory case group,there were 4 false positives and 1 false negative.The diagnostic accuracy of ELISA was 98.44%and sensitivity was 97.14%,which was higher than GICA's 92.81%and 48.57%,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05),there was no statistically significant difference in specificity between the two groups.Conclusion Compared with GICA,ELISA has higher accuracy and sensitivity in detecting HIV antibodies,therefore,ELISA can be used as the main method for detecting HIV antibodies.