我国生姜种植成本收益分析

Cost-income Analysis of Ginger Cultivation in China

为进一步提升我国生姜产业的抗风险能力,增加农户收入,在研究我国生姜种植投入产出的基础上,对经营规模、农户年龄、种植成本收益进行比较,分析影响生姜种植成本收益波动的因素。结果发现:生姜价格波动幅度大是造成收益不稳定的最主要因素之一,生姜产量不稳定对收益的影响也比较大;生姜规模增大对效益提升并不显著,随规模上升劳动力成本大幅上升,导致利润下降;从成本角度看,老龄农户采取减少投入、降低风险的经营策略,成为生姜高质量发展的阻碍因素。基于此提出发展生姜特色保险,降低农户经营风险;发展期货市场,稳定生姜价格;加大生姜专用小型机械的研发投入;以服务规模化提升生姜产业规模效益等建议。

In order to further enhance the anti-risk ability of ginger industry and increase rural household income,on the basis of studying China’s ginger planting input-output,this paper conducted comparative analysis on different scale of operation,different age of farmers,and planting cost and benefit.At the same time,the paper also analyzed the factors affecting the cost and income fluctuation of ginger planting.The results showed that the ginger price fluctuation was one of the most important factors causing the instability of income.Besides,the instability of ginger yield also had greater impact on profits.The scale efficiency of ginger was not significant.Labor cost rose sharply along with the increase in scale,leading to a drop in profits.Judging from the cost point of view,the older farmers adopted management strategy of reducing investment and mitigating risk,which had become an obstacle to the high-quality development of ginger.On account of these,the paper suggested to develop ginger featured insurance,reducing management risk of farmer household;developing futures market,stabilizing ginger price;increasing investment in research and development of small machinery for ginger;and to improve the scale efficiency of ginger industry through service scale.