Effects of temperature, particle size, and air humidity on sensibility of typical high-energetic explosives

温度、粒度和湿度对典型高能炸药感度的影响分析

The production and utilization of high-energetic explosives often pose a range of safety hazards,with sensitivity being a key factor in evaluating these risks.To investigate how temperature,particle size,and air humidity affect the responsiveness of commonly used high-energetic explosives,a series of BAM(Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und-prüfung)impact and friction sensitivity tests were carried out to determine the critical impact energy and critical load pressure of four representative high-energetic explosives(RDX,HMX,PETN and CL-20)under different temperatures,particle sizes,and air humidity conditions.The experimental findings facilitated an examination of temperature and particle size affecting the sensitivity of high-energetic explosives,along with an assessment of the influence of air humidity on sensitivity testing.The results clearly indicate that high-energetic explosives display a substantial decline in critical reaction energy when subjected to micrometre-sized particles and an air humidity level of 45%at a temperature of 90℃.Furthermore,it was noted that the critical reaction energy of high-energetic explosives diminishes with an increase in temperature within 25℃−90℃.In the same vein,as the particle sizes of high-energetic explosives increase,so does the critical reaction energy for micrometre-sized particles.High air humidity significantly affects the sensitivity testing of high-energetic explosives,emphasizing the importance of refraining from conducting sensitivity tests in such conditions.

高能炸药在生产和使用中可能构成各种安全风险,感度是其安全风险评估的一个重要指标。为了研究温度、粒度和空气湿度对常用高能炸药感度的影响,采用了BAM撞击和摩擦感度仪测试了RDX、HMX、PETN和CL-20四种典型高能炸药在不同条件下的临界撞击能量和临界载荷压力。根据试验结果,分析了温度和粒度对高能炸药感度的影响规律,以及空气湿度对高能炸药感度测试的影响。结果显示,在90℃、微米级粒径和45%RH空气湿度下,高能炸药的临界反应能量明显下降,即在25℃~90℃范围内,随温度升高,高能炸药的临界反应能量下降;在微米级粒径下,高能炸药的粒度增大导致临界反应能量增大;高空气湿度显著影响高能炸药的感度测试,应避免在高空气湿度下进行高能炸药的感度测试。