黄土塬区膜际玉米大豆间作对玉米光合特性、产量及水分利用效率的影响

Effects of Intermembranous Maize Soybean Intercropping on Photosynthetic Characteristics,Yield,and Water Use Efficiency of Maize in Loess Plateau Region

为了筛选出黄土塬区膜际玉米、大豆最佳间作模式,采用膜侧3~5 cm精准精量播种的膜际栽培技术,于2022—2023年在陕西省神木市农技推广中心试验站开展试验,设置玉米单作(CJCJ)、大豆单作(SJSJ)以及玉米大豆间作2C2S(玉米和大豆行比2∶2)、2C4S(2∶4)、4C2S(4∶2)和4C4S(4∶4)6个处理,研究膜际玉米大豆间作对玉米光合特性、产量及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,2022、2023年,玉米抽穗期各间作处理的净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率均高于CJCJ单作处理,其中,各处理间的气孔导度均存在显著差异。从2 a间玉米成熟期地上部干物质量来看,2C4S处理较其他处理增加3.27%~81.42%,该处理有利于间作玉米地上干物质量的积累。玉米大豆复合种植模式中,各处理的玉米产量以2C4S处理最高,2022、2023年群体产量分别达到8157.04、13506.62 kg/hm^(2),与CJCJ处理相比分别增加了37.08%、20.88%。2 a中,2C4S、4C2S处理的水分利用效率较CJCJ处理高出3.04%~12.19%。综上所述,各间作处理中玉米和大豆行比2∶4带型的复合种植模式为最优配比,可增加种植系统中玉米作物的总产量,适宜在陕北地区推广应用。

In order to screen for the optimal intercropping mode of maize soybean intercropping in the Loess Plateau area,in this study,an accurate and precise seeding technique with 3-5 cm film side was adopted.The experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Technology Extension Center Experimental Station in Shenmu city,Shaanxi province from 2022 to 2023,with six treatments including maize monoculture(CJCJ),soybean monoculture(SJSJ),maize soybean intercropping 2C2S(row ratio of maize and soybean was 2∶2),2C4S(2∶4),4C2S(4∶2),and 4C4S(4∶4),to study the effects of intermembranous maize soybean intercropping on the photosynthetic characteristics,yield,and water use efficiency of maize.The results showed that in 2022 and 2023,the net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,and transpiration rate of the intercropping treatments at heading stage of maize were higher than those of CJCJ treatment,and there were significant differences in stomatal conductance among the treatments.From the perspective of the aboveground dry matter mass during the maturity period of maize in 2 years,the value of the 2C4S treatment increased by 3.27%-81.42%compared to each treatment,indicating that the treatment was beneficial for the accumulation of aboveground dry matter in intercropped maize.The maize yield of each treatment in the maize soybean intercropping mode was the highest in the 2C4S treatment,with population yield reaching 8157.04 kg/ha and 13506.62 kg/ha in 2 years,respectively,increased by 37.08%and 20.88%compared to the CJCJ treatment.The water use efficiency of 2C4S and 4C2S treatments was 3.04%-12.19%higher than that of CJCJ treatment in 2 years.In summary,the composite planting mode of maize soybean intercropping with a band pattern of 2∶4 row ratio in each intercropping treatment was the optimal ratio,it increased the total yield of maize in the planting system and was suitable for promotion and application in northern Shaanxi.