不同灌溉量对蒙古黄芪土壤水分、生长发育及产量品质的影响

The Influence of Different Irrigation Amounts on Soil Moisture,Growth and Development,Yield,and Quality of Astragalus mongholicus

为明确陕北旱区蒙古黄芪高产优质栽培的灌溉制度,探究不同灌溉量对蒙古黄芪品质及产量的影响,以蒙古黄芪为试验材料,设置灌溉量分别为5240(W1)、4190(W2)、3140(W3)、2090(W4)、1040(W5)、0(CK)m^(3)/hm^(2)共6个处理,分析土壤含水量及蒙古黄芪的干物质量及根冠比、农艺性状、产量、品质的差异性变化。结果表明,0~60 cm,W1、W2、W3、W4、W5处理下的土壤含水量较CK分别提高50.1%、30%、19.8%、19.6%、14.6%;W2、W3、W5处理下的收获期根冠比较CK分别提高61%、38%、36%;荚果期蒙古黄芪株高、茎粗、冠幅随灌溉量的增加而增加,在W2处理时达到最高,随后开始下降;W2处理产量较CK显著提高53%;在黄芪品质方面,W3处理黄芪甲苷含量为0.131%,毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷含量为0.22%,均高于其他处理。相关性分析结果发现,根干质量、根鲜质量、茎叶干质量、冠幅均与产量呈显著正相关。综上,陕北旱区平栽蒙古黄芪高产优质的适宜灌溉量为3140~4190 m^(3)/hm^(2)。

In order to clarify the irrigation system of high yield and high quality cultivation of Astragalus mongholicus in arid regions in northern Shaanxi,explore the influence of different irrigation amounts on the quality and yield of Astragalus mongholicus.In this study,with Astragalus mongholicus as the experimental material,six treatments of irrigation amounts including 5240(W1),4190(W2),3140(W3),2090(W4),1040(W5),and 0(CK)m^(3)/ha were set,and the differences in soil water content,dry matter mass,root crown ratio,agronomic traits,yield,and quality of Astragalus mongholicus were analyzed.The results indicated that 0-60 cm,the soil water content in the treatments of W1,W2,W3,W4,and W5 increased by 50.1%,30%,19.8%,19.6%,and 14.6%,respectively compared with CK.Root crown ratio at harvest stage in the treatments of W2,W3,and W5 increased by 61%,38%and 36%compared with CK,respectively.The plant height,stem thickness and crown amplitude of Astragalus mongholicus increased with the increase of irrigation amount,the values reached the maximum at W2 treatment,then declined.Yield in the treatments of W2 increased by 53%compared with CK.In terms of the quality of Astragalus mongholicus,in treatment W3,the Astragalus methylside content was 0.131%,the Myislavone glucoside content was 0.22%,they were higher than those in other treatments.The correlation analysis found that root dry weight,root fresh weight,stem and leaf dry weight,and crown amplitude were siginificantly positively correlated with yield.In conclusion,the suitable irrigation amounts of high yield and high quality of Astragalus mongholicus planted in the arid regions in northern Shaanxi was 3140-4190 m^(3)/ha.