不同肥料运筹模式对烤烟生长及产质量的影响

Effects of Different Fertilizer Operation Modes on Growth and Yield Quality of Flue-Cured Tobacco

为了找到云南红河烟区的最适肥料施用模式,试验以红花大金元为研究对象,设置4个处理:常规化肥施肥(CK)、化肥减量30%(A1)、化肥减量30%+微生物菌剂(A2)、化肥减量30%+微生物菌剂+生物质炭基肥(A3),调查不同处理下烤烟的土壤理化性质、农艺性状、病害发生情况、经济性状、外观质量和烤后烟叶化学成分。结果表明,对于农艺性状而言,A3处理的株高、最大叶长、有效叶片数均较大;CK对气候性斑点病的抗性最强,A3处理可有效降低番茄斑萎病毒病的发病率。在土壤理化性质方面,与CK相比,A3处理能显著提高土壤中有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量,增幅分别为15.16%、7.99%、17.02%、10.91%。A3处理的烤后烟叶外观质量和经济性状均优于其他处理,与CK相比,产量、均价、产值和中上等烟比例分别提高3.45%、6.56%、2.97%、1.17%;从化学成分方面来看,整体以A3处理表现最为协调。综上所述,化肥减量30%+微生物菌剂+生物质炭基肥,在促进烤烟生长、改善烟叶内在化学成分的协调性中效果最佳,是最适宜的肥料运筹模式。

To identify the most appropriate fertilizer application mode in the Honghe tobacco-growing area of Yunnan province,in this the experiment,Honghua Dajinyuan was selected as the research subject and 4 treatments were established,namely conventional chemical fertilizer fertilization(CK);30%of reduction in chemical fertilizer(A1);30%of reduction in chemical fertilizer+microbial agent(A2);30%of reduction in chemical fertilizer+microbial agent+biochar-based fertilizer(A3).The soil physicochemical properties,agronomic traits,disease occurrence,economic traits,appearance quality,and chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco under different treatments were determined.The results indicated that regarding agronomic traits,the plant height,maximum leaf length,and effective leaf number of the A3 treatment were higher.CK exhibited the strongest resistance to climate spot disease,and the A3 treatment could effectively reduce the incidence of tomato spot wilt virus disease.Concerning soil physicochemical properties,compared with CK,the A3 treatment could significantly increase the contents of organic matter,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium in the soil by 15.16%,7.99%,17.02%,and 10.91%,respectively.The appearance quality and economic traits of flue-cured tobacco leaves under the A3 treatment were superior to those under other treatments.Compared with CK,the yield,average price,output value,and proportion of medium-grade tobacco increased by 3.45%,6.56%,2.97%,and 1.17%,respectively.In terms of chemical composition,the overall performance of the A3 treatment was the most coordinated.In conclusion,30%of reduction in chemical fertilizer+microbial agent+biochar-based fertilizer had the best effect on promoting the growth of flue-cured tobacco and improving the coordination of the internal chemical components of tobacco leaves,and was the most appropriate fertilizer operation mode in flue-cured tobacco planting.