特殊食品刑法保障体系研究与探析

Research and Study on the Criminal Law Protection System for Special Foodstuffs

特殊食品不仅关涉食品公共安全,而且对“一老一少”等重点人群的身体健康和生命安全具有重要意义。随着我国食品安全领域立法不断健全,食品安全问题得到了较大改善,但特殊食品领域仍存在对象界定宽泛、适用范围较模糊、罪间关系不明等问题。本文系统分析了特殊食品生产经营刑事责任认定的基本思路,厘清了食品安全犯罪与其他罪名构成要件的界限,明确了真正食品安全犯罪的适用范围与罪间关系,并通过与美国的特殊食品安全刑事法制度进行比较研究,提出增设特定的食品安全犯罪、丰富食品安全犯罪行为样态、增加过失罪形式等的应对策略,以期为特殊食品行业监管和法制建设提供借鉴。

Special food safety issues are crucial not only for public safety but also for the physical health and life safety of vulnerable populations,such as the elderly and young children.With the continuous improvement of food safety legislation in China,significant advancements have been made in addressing fundamental food safety concerns.However,challenges remain regarding the broad definition of objects,ambiguous scope of application,and unclear relationships between crimes in the special food sector.This study systematically analyzes the basic principles for determining criminal liability in the production and operation of special food,clarifies the boundaries between special food safety crimes and other criminal charges,and delineates the scope of application and interrelations of pure food safety crimes.By comparing criminal law systems for special food safety in America,the study proposes strategies such as introducing specific food safety crimes,enriching the behavior patterns of food safety offenses,and increasing the forms of negligent crimes.These proposals aim to provide a reference for the regulation and legal development of the special food industry.