流域生态系统健康状况评估的模型、数据源及发展方向浅析

Analysis of Models,Data Sources,and Development Directions for Evaluating the Health Status of Watershed Ecosystems

流域生态系统是在流域尺度内各种环境生态特征的综合表征体系,其健康状况既反映了流域本身的生态环境质量,也反映了流域生态韧性。通过检索及归纳分析以往对流域生态系统健康评估的相关研究可以发现,评估模型和数据源是流域生态系统健康评估的关键。基于此,本文首先梳理了PSR(Pressure-State-Response)及其衍伸模型、水基系统评价模型、生物完整性指数法及《流域生态健康评估技术指南(试行)》中的等级评价体系法等4种常用模型或方法的内涵、应用及特点。进而,本文将数据源归纳为遥感数据、检测监测实时数据、相关统计数据三大类,并详细介绍了每一类数据源的内涵、优劣势、相关应用指标及应用前景。最后,本文从如何合理构建流域生态系统健康评估指标体系、评估数据的整合及应用潜力挖掘、前沿技术的转化应用等3个方面进行了展望分析。

A watershed ecosystem is a comprehensive representation system of various environmental and ecological characteristics within a watershed scale,and its health status not only reflects the eco-environmental quality of the watershed itself,but also the ecological resilience of the watershed.It could be found that assessment model and data source are the key forevaluating ecosystem health of watershed by searching and summarizing the previous studies on watershed ecosystem health assessment.Based on this,the connotation,application and characteristics of four common models or methods,such as PSR(Pressure-State-Response)and its extension model,water-based system evaluation model,biological integrity index method and"Grade Evaluation System Method in Technical Guide for Watershed Ecological Health Assessment(Trial)",were firstly reviewed in this paper.Furthermore,this paper summarized data sources into three categories,remote sensing data,real-time data of detection and monitoring,relevant statistical data,as well as introduced the connotation,advantages and disadvantages,relevant application indicators and application prospects of each type of data sources in detail.Finally,this paper analyzed the prospects from three aspects,how to reasonably construct the index system of watershed ecosystem health assessment,the integration and application potential mining of assessment data,the transformation and application of cutting-edge technologies.