农村居民点空间分布特征及影响因素研究——以湖北省恩施市为例

Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Rural Settlements:A Case of Enshi City,Hubei Province

农村居民点是农村经济社会的基本单元,合理的空间布局对村镇建设模式、农村可持续发展,推动乡村振兴具有重要意义。本文以湖北省恩施市为研究区,基于核密度估计、泰森多边形构建、地理探测器等方法对农村居民点的空间分布及其影响因素展开研究。结果显示,(1)恩施市农村居民点高密度区呈“十”字型带状分布趋势,在乡镇和村级尺度上都表现聚集分布特征。(2)农村居民点分布受到各高程与距公共设施距离2个因子影响作用最为显著,作用力量化结果分别为0.221和0.225,高于其他4个因子。(3)各因子间对农村居民点分布的交互作用存在不同程度的协同效应。距河流距离与其他因子的交互作用基本表现为非线性增强,高程与其他因子的交互作用类型为双因子增强,但影响效用最为明显。

Rural setlements are is the basic unit of rural economy and society,and a reasonable spatial layout is important for the construction mode of villages and towns,sustainable development of rural areas,and promotion of rural revitalization.This paper takes Enshi City,Hubei Province as the research area,and studies the spatial distribution of rural settlements and its influencing factors based on Kernel Density Estimation,Voronoi diagram method,and Geodetector.The results show that,(1)the high--density areas of rural settlements in Enshi City show a trend of“ten”shaped belt distribution,with clustering distribution at both township and village scales.(2)The distribution of rural settlements is most significantly influenced by two factors,namely elevation and distance to public facilities,with the results of 0.221 and 0.225 respectively,which are higher than the other four factors.(3)The interactions among the factors have different degrees of synergistic effects on the distribution of rural settlements.The interaction between distance to river and other factors basically shows a non-linear enhancement,and the interaction type between elevation and other factors is a two-factor enhancement,but the effect utility is the most obvious.