低生育意愿背景下的法律生育责任体系建构

Constructing a Legal Framework forFertility Responsibility in the Context of Low Fertility Rates

人口优势是中国的巨大优势之一,人口问题也是进入新时代所需要关注重要议题之一。随着生育率的逐年降低,中国在2022年首次出现了人口负增长,解决生育率低下的关键在于提高公众的生育意愿。从法律角度透析生育意愿低下的原因,其中最为重要的原因之一是法律生育责任体系设置的不完备,且法律激励手段不足以支持责任的主动承担。法律应当以新家庭伦理责任为基础,构建完整的法律生育责任体系,缓解女性单方生育压力和家庭生育压力,发挥法律对生育的激励作用。

China's demographic advantage has long been one of its greatest strengths,but population issues have become a critical focus in the new era.With a steady decline in fertility rates,China experienced its first population decrease in 2022.The key to addressing this decline lies in increasing public willingness to have children.From a legal perspective,one of the primary reasons for low fertility desire is the incomplete legal framework for fertility responsibilities,along with insufficient legal incentives to encourage proactive responsibility-taking.A comprehensive legal system should be constructed,grounded in modern family ethical responsibilities,to alleviate the disproportionate burden on women and families,and to enhance the law's role in incentivizing fertility.