《天回医简》祝由四方探赜

Analysis of Four Formulas for Zhuyou in Tianhui Medical Bamboo Slips

[目的]探析老官山汉墓中四首祝由方,辨明祝由的发展进程以及在中医学发展过程中的贡献。[方法]使用文献搜查法和二重证据法,将《天回医简》祝由四方与相近时代著作、现代文献进行联系研究,梳理释义;结合时代文化背景,对治疗内容进行深入分析。[结果]《天回医简》是秦汉时期较为成熟的医学资料,其中包括4首祝由方,涉及3种疾病。这些祝由方在内容和形式上依附了神鬼之说,但同时也初步显现了中医哲学思想和后世主流治疗理念的雏形。不仅药与祝由并用、导引数术兼备,还隐约可见一些现代心理学和外科学治疗手段。[结论]在所处时代背景下,《天回医简》作为当时内容较为完备、写作较为规范的医学文献,其祝由内容呈现出蒙昧与觉醒交织的特点,亦是中医学演进的缩影,是从蒙昧的实践到出现体系化理论的曙光的飞跃。

[Objective]To explore the content of four Zhuyou formulas in Tianhui Medical Bamboo Slips of Han Dynasty tombs in Laoguanshan,and to identify the development process of Zhuyou and its contribution to the development of traditional Chinese medicine.[Methods]Using the literature search method and the double evidence method,the four Zhuyou formulas were connected with the works of similar times and modern literature,and the content was explained.Combined with the cultural background of the times,the treatment content was analyzed in depth.[Results]Tianhui Medical Bamboo Slips is relatively mature medical data in the Qin and Han Dynasties,including four Zhuyou formulas,involving three diseases.These prescriptions depend on the theory of gods and ghosts in content and form,but at the same time,they also show the embryonic form of the philosophy of traditional Chinese medicine and the mainstream treatment concept of later generations.There are not only the use of drugs,Zhuyou,numerology,Daoyin for treatment,but also some modern psychological and surgical treatment methods.[Conclusion]Under the background of the times,Tianhui Medical Bamboo Slips was a medical literature with relatively complete content and standardized writing at that time.The four Zhuyou formulas present the characteristics of ignorance and awakening,which is also the epitome of the evolution of traditional Chinese medicine.It is a leap from the practice of ignorance to the dawn of systematic theory.