免除义务教育学杂费提高了代际流动性吗?

Does Waiving Tuition and Miscellaneous Fees for Compulsory Education Improve Intergenerational Mobility?

21世纪初在全国范围内实施的免除城乡义务教育学杂费政策,是中国保障教育公平、缩小社会差距的重要举措。本文使用2020年中国家庭追踪调查数据,采用广义双重差分法对这一政策进行分析。研究发现,免除城乡义务教育学杂费政策不仅有效提高了城乡居民的受教育年限,还提高了教育的代际流动性;受教育水平提升最为显著的群体是收入较低的家庭和希望子女有更高学历的家庭。本文的政策意义在于,提高代际流动性不仅要充分发挥公共政策的作用,降低教育成本以促进教育机会均等化,还要提高教育质量以提升教育回报。

The nationwide policy implemented in the early 21st century to waive tuition and miscellaneous fees for urban and rural compulsory education is a significant initiative by China to ensure educational fairness and reduce social inequality.This study utilizes data from the 2020 China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)and applies a generalized difference-in-differences method to analyze the policy.The findings indicate that the policy not only effectively increased the educational attainment of urban and rural residents but also improved intergenerational educational mobility.Additionally,the study found that the most significant improvements in education levels were among low-income families and families aspiring for higher education for their children.The policy implications of this study suggest that to enhance intergenerational mobility,it is crucial not only to maximize the impact of public policies and reduce education costs to promote equal educational opportunities but also to improve the quality of education to increase its returns.