腐殖酸的人工合成及其在环境污染修复中的研究进展

Research advance on artificial synthesis of humic acid and its application in environmental pollution remediation

腐殖酸(HA)作为广泛存在于自然环境中的有机物,在生物和非生物地球化学过程中发挥着至关重要的作用,特别是在碳循环、土壤肥力和环境污染修复等方面。由于其独特的功能性和环境重要性,腐殖酸市场需求迅速增长,人工合成腐殖酸因其原料易得、产品功能性强等优势而备受关注。系统归纳了生物堆肥、化学氧化聚合、水热腐殖化等有机废物人工合成腐殖酸的方法与特点,探讨了腐殖酸分别作为电子转移介质参与污染物的氧化还原反应、作为吸附络合剂稳定重金属、作为生物刺激剂加速生物修复作用,以及在石油烃污染土壤修复等方面的应用和效果,并对人工合成腐殖酸的未来发展方向和在环境污染修复中的应用前景进行了展望。

Humic acid(HA),as a widely occurring organic substance in the natural environment,plays a crucial role in both biotic and abiotic geochemical processes,particularly in carbon cycling,soil fertility,and environmental pollution remediation.Due to its unique functionality and environmental importance,the demand for humic acid in the market is rapidly increasing.Artificial synthesis of humic acid has attracted considerable attention due to its advantages of readily available raw materials and enhanced product functionalities.The methods and characteristics of artificial synthesis of humic acid from organic waste,such as biological composting,chemical oxidation polymerization,and hydrothermal humification,were reviewed.Then,the applications and effects of humic acid as an electron transfer medium in the redox reaction of pollutants,as an adsorption complexing agent to stabilize heavy metals,as a biostimulant to accelerate bioremediation,and its application in the remediation of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soils,were discussed.Finally,an outlook on the future development direction of artificially synthesized humic acid and its application prospects in environmental pollution remediation was given.