护理专业学生预防与应对工作场所暴力培训实践的范围综述

Training practices for nursing students to prevent and respond to workplace violence:a scoping review

目的对国内外有关护理专业学生预防与应对工作场所暴力培训实践的内容、方法和效果等进行梳理和分析,以期为进一步研究提供借鉴和参考。方法系统检索PubMed、Web of Science核心合集、CINAHL Complete、Embase、Science Direct、Cochrane Library、中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库和中国生物医学文献数据库中的相关研究。检索时限为2000年1月1日—2023年10月26日。对纳入文献进行汇总分析和讨论。结果文献检索共获得相关文献2258篇,经筛选后最终纳入23篇,其中英文17篇、中文6篇。培训内容主要聚焦于工作场所暴力相关的理论知识和暴力降级技能等,培训方法主要分为传统的培训方法和以学生为中心的培训方法两大类,结局指标可分为体验评价和效果评价2个方面,在效果上多数研究均报告有不同程度的改善和提高。结论工作场所暴力培训内容尚不全面,培训方法较为多元化,但相关的考核评价指标较少,且远期效果有待进一步验证。建议未来可针对护理专业学生不同阶段的教育需求进一步丰富和完善培训内容,方法上可进一步创新和多元化,并开发特异性量表,进而构建符合中国具体情况的专科化培训方案。

Objective To sort out and analyze the content,methods and effects of training practice on preventior and response to workplace violence among nursing students at home and abroad,so as to provide reference for further research.Methods Relevant studies in PubMed,Web of Science Core Collection,CINAHL Complete,Embase,Science Direct,Cochrane Library,CNKI,Wanfang,VIP and SinoMed were systematicalylysearched.The search time limit was from January 1,2000 to October 26,2023.The included literature was analyzed and discussed.Results A total of 2258 related literatures were obtained from literature retrieval,and 23 were finally included after screening,including 17 in English and 6 in Chinese.The training content mainly focuses on the theoretical knowledge and violence degradation skills related to workplace violence.The training methods are mainly divided into two categories:traditional training methods and student-centered training methods.The outcome indicators can be divided into two aspects:experience evaluation and effect evaluation.Most studies have reported different degrees of improvement and increase in effects.Conclusion The content of workplace violence training is not comprehensive,and the training methods are diversified.However,there are few relevant assessment and evaluation indicators,and the long-term effect needs to be further verified.It is suggested that in the future,the training content can be further enriched and improved according to the educational needs of nursing students at different stages,the methods can be further innovated and diversified,and the specific scale can be developed,so as to develop a specialized training program in line with the specific situation of China.