《天朝田亩制度》的版本与史学流变

The Version of the Land System of the Heavenly Kingdom and the Evolution of Its Historiography

作为太平天国政权颁布的重要文献,《天朝田亩制度》一直受到史学界的重点关注,但因战乱影响,太平天国运动结束后该文献无缘在国内得见。其原文最终自海外大英博物馆等地寻回后才得以重见天日,在这一过程中,程演生、萧一山等人做出了重要贡献。民国史家对太平天国的立场有褒有贬,也有采用唯物史观对其进行研究的著述。《天朝田亩制度》中的公有制和有田同耕等内容通常被赋予“共产主义”或“社会主义”色彩,或与传统的“大同”理想相联系,获得了诸多肯定。至于其究竟实施与否、可行性如何、于太平天国诸制度中地位如何等问题,则因人而异地产生了多种解读与评价。民国时期史学界对《天朝田亩制度》的高度关注不仅是当时太平天国史研究发展的写照,而且为该制度此后的史学书写奠定了基调。

As an important document promulgated by of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom regime,the Land System of the Heavenly Kingdom has been receiving much attention from historians.However,due to the war,the document was not continued in China,and the original text of the document was eventually recovered from the British Museum and other places overseas and it saw the light of day,during which Cheng Yansheng and Xiao Yishan made important contributions.The historians of the Republic of China has been both positive and negative on the position of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom,and there are also writings that adopt a materialistic view of history.The Public ownership and“the land is for all to till”in the Land System of the Heavenly Kingdom were often given a“communism”or“socialism”tone,or linked to the traditional“commonwealth”ideal,which get a lot of positive assessments.Such questions as whether the system was implemented,how feasible it was,and what its status was in the various systems of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom have been interpreted and evaluated in different ways by different people.The high level of attention paid to the Land System of the Heavenly Kingdom by historians during the Republic of China not only becomes a snapshot of the development of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Research at that time,but also sets the tone for the system's subsequent historiography writing.