社会工作推进社会救助中“对象赋能”和“环境优化”的整合实践

The Coordination of“Object Empowerment”and“Environmental Optimization”in the Process of Integrating Social Work Practice into Social Assistance

随着我国迈入全面建设社会主义现代化国家的新发展阶段,社会工作成为推动社会救助从解决生存型困难向满足发展型需求转型的重要社会力量。从社会工作实践的生命模型理论和生态系统理论出发,探讨社会工作在社会救助实践中推动“对象赋能”和“环境优化”双重实现的可能性,结果显示:社会工作可以从社会救助对象在处理生命任务时与环境系统互动中的问题和需求出发,综合运用多种理论和方法,采取“生命任务—社会目标—实践系统”的整合实践框架,着力提升救助对象解决问题和使用资源的能力,同时改善救助对象发展所需的资源环境,促进政策资源系统、社会资源系统和社会网络资源系统等资源系统与救助对象的良性互动,从而推动发展型社会救助政策的落地实践。

As China enters a new stage of comprehensive construction of a socialist modernized country,social work has become an important social force in promoting the transformation of social assistance from solving survival difficulties to meeting development needs.Starting from the life model theory and ecosystem theory of social work practice,this article explores the possibility of promoting the dual realization of“Object empowerment”and“environmental optimization”in social assistance practice through social work.Research has found that social work can start from the problems and needs of social assistance recipients in interacting with the environmental system when dealing with life tasks,comprehensively applying various theories and methods,adopting an integrated practical framework of“life tasks-social goals-practice system”,focusing on enhancing the ability of assistance recipients to solve problems and use resources,while improving the resource environment required for their development,promoting the benign interaction among policy resource system,social resource system,social network resource system and assistance recipients,and promoting the implementation and practice of development oriented social assistance policies.