高原隧道现场混装炸药爆破试验效果分析

Analysis of Blasting Test Effect of Mixed Explosives in Plateau Tunnel

针对隧道传统包装炸药爆破炮孔数量多、作业人员密集等问题,基于现场混装炸药机械化装药及连续耦合装药结构优势,在高原隧道进行了60次现场混装炸药爆破试验,总结了不同人数的装药作业工效,开展了隧道孔网参数优化及周边孔光面爆破效果改进试验,将原包装爆破孔数151个优化至124个,同时周边孔间距由原45 cm逐步调整为60 cm,对比光面爆破效果。结果表明:相比传统包装炸药爆破,现场混装炸药爆破可提高人均作业工效40%以上,降低劳动强度约90%,显著减少危险作业人员,同时节省钻孔数量和起爆器材使用量15%以上及改善了爆破效果,提高了钻孔与挖装效率,提高循环进尺3%以上,有利于加快隧道施工进度。

In view of larger holes and higher density operators with the traditional blasting of packed explosives,this paper launched 60 on-site blasting experiments in a plateau tunnel.The charging efficiency of different numbers of exploders was summarized,the hole network parameters were optimized and smooth blasting effect of peripheral holes were improved.Compared with the smooth blasting effect,the number of holes dropped from 151 to 124.The spacing of peripheral holes was gradually optimized from 45 cm to 60 cm based on the advantages of good mechanical and coupling charging on-site mixed explosives.The result shows that the on-site mixed loading blasting in plateau tunnel can improve more than 40%efficiency per operator and reduce 90%of labor intensity compared with the traditional blasting of packed explosives.It can significantly reduce the number of operators and improve the efficiency of drilling and loading,saving more than 15%of drilling quantity and explosive equipment.Lastly,more than 3%of the utilization of circular footage has been improved,which shows that on-site mixed-loading blasting can accelerate construction progress.