深水条件下水深对炸药性能影响研究

Research on Influence of Water Depth on Explosive Performance under Deep Water

在深水条件下进行水下爆破时,由于装药时间较长,炸药将受到高水压的影响,并且浸泡时间较长,只有当炸药性能达到技术要求时,才能保证爆破效果。结合三峡—葛洲坝两坝间莲沱段航道整治工程,炸礁时发现原乳化炸药成分抵抗深水压力能力较弱,在40 m水深施工时殉爆距离较小,猛度不足。实验室通过采用深水测定法,调整静水表面压力模拟深水条件,对水胶炸药、化学敏化炸药、玻璃微球敏化炸药和珍珠岩敏化炸药的性能变化进行实验,探寻不同水深条件下炸药性能随浸水时间的变化关系和不同浸水时间条件下炸药性能随水深的变化关系。经过实验结果对比,研究表明:当水深为0~20 m时玻璃微球敏化炸药、化学敏化炸药、珍珠岩敏化炸药、水胶炸药的性能下降均较小,这四种炸药都满足工程需求;当水深为20~40 m时推荐使用玻璃微球敏化炸药与珍珠岩敏化炸药;当水深为40~50 m时推荐使用玻璃微球敏化炸药,玻璃微球敏化炸药在高压与长时间浸水条件下,炸药性能下降程度均较小,适用于深水条件下水下钻孔爆破施工。

When conducting blasting under deep water,the explosive will be affected by high water pressure and long-term water immersion conditions due to the long charging time.Only when the performance of the explosive meets the technical requirements can the blasting effect be guaranteed.Taking the waterway regulation project of Liantuo river between the Three Gorges Dam and Gezhouba Dam as the research background,it was found the original emulsion explosives composition was weak in resisting deep water pressure during the reef blasting.The detonation distance was small,and the intensity was insufficient during the construction at a depth of 40 m.The performance of water gel explosives,chemical-sensitized explosives,glass microsphere-sensitized explosives,and perlite-sensitized explosives were studied by experiments in the laboratory adjusted the hydrostatic surface pressure to simulate the deep-water condition by using the deep-water measurement method.A relationship between the explosive performance and immersion time was explored under different water depth conditions.Meanwhile,a relationship between the explosive performance and water depth was built under different immersion time conditions.Comparing the experimental results,the study shows that the performance of glass microsphere-sensitized explosives,chemical-sensitized explosives,perlite-sensitized explosives,and water gel explosives all slightly decrease and meet the engineering requirements when the water depth is 0~20 m.It is recommended to use glass microsphere-sensitized explosives and perlite-sensitized explosives when the water depth is 20~40 m,and the glass microsphere-sensitized explosives are suitable when the water depth is 40~50 m.Besides,the glass microsphere-sensitized explosives have relatively small performance degradation under high pressure and long-term immersion conditions,and it is suitable for underwater drilling and blasting construction in deep water conditions.