西藏扎布耶盐湖锂矿开发的环境影响研究

Research on Environmental Impacts of Lithium Development in Zhabuye Salt Lake,Tibet

扎布耶盐湖是世界上独一无二的自然结晶碳酸锂的盐湖,是西藏目前规模最大的运用太阳池技术工业生产碳酸锂的盐湖。开展锂矿开发对环境影响的综合研究有利于合理有序开发盐湖资源。利用野外实地调查与遥感卫星技术,对扎布耶盐湖开发的环境影响进行了系统研究。结果表明,环境影响方式主要表现为资源损毁、地质灾害和水土气等方面;影响范围主要分布在道路、生活办公区、盐田、太阳池、采土区、引、排卤渠等地方,影响面积约16 km^(2),仅占矿区面积的5.37%;扎布耶盐湖矿区对环境的破坏是局部的、可控的。提出利用本地植物进行土地复垦、采用土工膜防止渠道渗透和用黏土填补塌陷、修建墙壁隔绝土气的盐碱化、通过增加管道实现南北湖水的有效交换、建立长期监测预警等建议,为扎布耶盐湖的绿色可持续开发提供参考依据。

Zhabuye Salt Lake is a unique natural crystalline lithium carbonate salt lake in the world,and it is the largest industrial production of lithium carbonate salt lake using solar pool technology in Tibet.The comprehensive study on the environmental impact of mining area will be beneficial for the rational and orderly development of salt lake resources.Using field investigation and remote sensing satellite technology,the environmental impact of the development of Zhabuye Salt Lake was systematically studied.The results show that the environmental impact modes mainly include resource damage,geological disaster and water and soil gas.The affected area is mainly distributed in roads,living and office areas,salt fields,sun pools,soil mining areas,drainage and brine drainage channels,etc.The affected area is about 16 km^(2),accounting for only 5.37% of the mining area.The environmental damage of Zhabuye Salt Lake mining area is local and controllable.Suggestions such as using local plants for land reclamation,using geomembrane to prevent channel penetration and filling subsidence with clay,building walls to prevent soil gas salinization,realizing effective water exchange between the north and South Lakes by increasing pipelines,and establishing long-term monitoring and early warning are put forward to provide reference for the green and sustainable development of Zhabuye Salt Lake.