不同类型水合物成藏特征研究进展

Research progress on accumulation characteristics of different types of hydrates

近年来不同类型水合物成藏特征备受关注,不同的赋存类型对储层特性和勘探开发具有重要影响。本文综合分析了天然气水合物的分布、成藏和稳定条件,深入探讨了气源、气体运移通道、储层条件、构造环境和成藏模式等特征内容,剖析了孔隙充填型水合物与裂隙充填型水合物在上述方面的具体差异。研究表明,孔隙充填型水合物的有利储层条件包括合适的孔隙结构、适宜的渗透性和高含气量等。裂隙充填型水合物主要分布在海底裂隙中,并与地质构造密切相关。沉积物基质成分及构成、裂隙赋存与地质构造共同决定了水合物的生成类型。较孔隙充填型水合物,裂隙充填型水合物在成藏模式方面会显著受到裂隙、断层等地质构造的影响。未来可持续关注孔隙充填与裂隙充填水合物在形成过程、赋存形态及物理响应等方面的差别;结合实验及数值模拟等不同方法,从多学科、跨尺度等多视角创新储层判别方法,明晰成藏差异,为水合物高效开发提供科学依据。

In recent years,the study of reservoir-forming characteristics in different types of gas hydrates has garnered significant attention.The occurrence type of hydrates exerts an important influence on reservoir properties and developments.This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the distribution,accumulation,and stability conditions of natural gas hydrates.We delve into the characteristics of gas sources,gas migration channels,reservoir conditions,structural environments,and reservoir-forming models.Furthermore,we analyze the specific differences between pore-filling and fracture-filling hydrates in these aspects.Our findings show that favorable reservoir conditions for pore-filling hydrates include suitable pore structure,adequate permeability,and high gas content.Fracture-filling hydrates are mainly distributed in submarine fractures and are closely related to geological structures.The composition of the sediment matrix,fracture occurrence,and geological structure collectively determine the formation type of hydrates.Compared with pore-filling hydrates,fracture-filling hydrates are significantly influenced by geological structures such as fractures and faults in terms of reservoir formation mode.In the future,we suggest focusing on the differences between pore-filling and fracture-filling hydrates in the formation process,occurrence form,and physical responses.By integrating experimental and numerical simulation methods,we propose innovating reservoir identification techniques from multi-disciplinary and cross-scale perspectives.This will enhance our understanding of reservoir formation differences and provide a scientific basis for the efficient development of hydrate resources.