权力与符瑞:唐宋政治信仰中的“云气华盖”现象

Powers and Honors:Phenomenon of"Cloud Canopy"in Political Belief during the Tang and Song Dynasties

“云气华盖”现象是祥瑞文化与华盖文化融合发展的结果,古人将其视为一种异象。该现象在长期发展中被统治集团与被统治者共同塑造成祥瑞,于唐宋时期进入高峰期,又伴随政权变动及政治文化等因素而消亡。“云气华盖”象征帝王的符命,天子气、天子所出之地,并且用来预测军事战争的结果,在战斗过程中发挥了重要作用。唐宋时期“云气华盖”现象的政治实践说明该异象具有加强统治合法性,维护政治合理运行、渲染域内治理美好图景的政治功能,是统治阶级对自身统治权力自我认同的一种手段。

The phenomenon of"cloud canopy"is a result of the integration and development of auspicious cul-ture and canopy culture.Ancients regarded the phenomenon as a kind of vision.In its long-term development,the phenomenon,shaped into auspiciousness by the ruling cliques and the ruled people,reached its peak during the Tang and Song Dynasties,and then disappeared with factors like regime change,political culture,etc."Cloud canopy",symbolizing emperors'destiny,cloud and birthplace,was used to predict the outcome of military war and played an important role in fighting.The political practice of the phenomenon during the Tang and Song Dynasties shows that the vision had a political function of strengthening the legitimacy of rule,maintaining the reasonable operation of politics and rendering a beautiful picture of governance in a region,which served as a means for the ruling classes to self-identify their own ruling power.