平台企业数据权力的潜在风险与法律规制

Potential Risks and Legal Regulation of Data Power in Platform Enterprises

平台企业数据权力是指平台企业在其运营平台的过程中,基于自身在数据和技术方面的优势,对数据的获取和处理、算法的设计和选择、平台言行的规则和边界等的掌控能力。数据权力既表现为对数据资源的掌控和配置,又表现为对网络平台规则的制定权。数据权力的基础由两个要素构成:一个是数据资源本身,另一个是对数据资源的处理和控制。数据权力因其可能的权力扩张和滥用风险而影响数据安全、破坏市场公平竞争、限制数据的开放和流动等,并成为数据基础制度体系需要防范的潜在漏洞。为此,需要通过厘清平台企业数据权力的边界、强化对平台企业数据权力的监管、完善规制数据权力的法律法规、以数据权利制衡数据权力等途径对平台企业数据权力进行法律规制,以使数据权力得以规范有序地行使。

Data power of platform enterprises refers to the ability of platform enterprises to control data acquisition and processing,algorithm design and selection,and the rules and boundaries of platform words and deeds based on their own advantages in data and technology in the process of operating the platform.Data power is not only the control and configuration of data resources,but also the formulation of network platform rules.The foundation of data power consists of two elements:one is the data resource itself,and the other is the processing and control of the data resource.Because of its possible power expansion and abuse risk,data power influences data security,undermines fair competition in the market,restricts the opening and flow of data,and becomes a potential vulnerability that the data foundation system needs to prevent.Therefore,it is necessary to conduct legal regulation of the data power of the platform enterprise by clarifying the boundary of the data power of the platform enterprise,strengthening the supervision of the data power of the platform enterprise,improving the laws and regulations regulating the data power,and balancing the data power with data rights,so as to enable the data power to be exercised in a standardized and orderly manner.