明至民国时期东南地区番薯的传播与影响

Spread of Sweet Potato in the Southeastern of China from the Ming Dynasty to the Republic of China

番薯传入中国后,在东南地区呈现自发传播的态势。经过精耕细作体系的长期取舍,东南地区自东北向西南出现一条狭窄的番薯集中种植带;其他区域的番薯则是小众作物,分布零散。在江西至浙江的新开垦山地,尽管闽粤移民率先引种番薯,但却未获广泛传播。在业已垦熟的传统农作区,番薯虽遭到稻作区与旱作区部分稳定耕作制度的抵制,但以竞争与替换的方式优化不稳定耕作制度,提升了部分中低产田地的精耕细作化水平。需要在空间和技术差异基础上正确评估番薯对中国社会产生的各种影响。

Different from other region,sweet potato spread naturally in the southeast after it was introduced to China.After the long-term cultivation,a narrow zone of sweet potatoes production had emerged in the southeast coastal region which was different from other regions where the sweet potato was not staple crop and distributed scatter.In the newly cultivated mountainous areas in Jiangxi province and Zhejiang province,the sweet potato were not widely planted although the immigrants from Fujian province and Guangdong province introduced the seeds of sweet potato into this region firstly.In contrast,sweet potato mainly spread in the traditional agricultural areas.The spread process of sweet potato was not only resisted by existing systems in the rice and dry farming areas but it also advanced the farming systems through competition and replacement.Besides,the spread process of sweet potato enhanced the level of intensive cultivation in the medium to lower yield fields.In short,it is necessary to accurately evaluate the various impacts of sweet potato on Chinese society based on spatial and technological differences.