大学生生涯适应力的发展特点及作用机制

The Development Characteristics and Mechanism of College Students' Career Adaptability

为探明大学生生涯适应力的发展特点及其与坚毅品质的关系,并进一步考察主动性人格、职业生涯探索在其中的作用机制,本研究采用12项坚毅自陈量表、主动性人格量表、职业生涯探索量表以及生涯适应力量表对562名大学生进行问卷调查。结果发现:大学生生涯适应力处于中等偏上水平,大学生生涯适应力在性别、专业上不存在显著差异,在生源地、年级上存在显著差异;大学生坚毅品质、主动性人格、职业生涯探索与生涯适应力两两之间呈显著正相关;坚毅品质能显著正向预测大学生生涯适应力,并通过主动性人格、职业生涯探索的单独中介作用以及主动性人格与职业生涯探索的链式中介作用间接影响生涯适应力。高校可通过促进家校社协同联动,培育大学生果敢坚毅的心理品质;激发生涯发展内生动力,塑造大学生积极主动的人格特质;创新职业生涯探索路径,提升大学生的生涯适应力。

This study aims at exploring the developmental characteristics of career adaptability among college students and its relationship with resilience, and further investigating the mechanisms of proactive personality and career exploration in it. A questionnaire survey was conducted on 562 college students with the 12-item grit scale, proactive personality scale, career exploration scale, and career adaptation strength scale.The results showed that the career adaptability of college students was above average level, and significant differences were not found in gender and major, but in place of origin and grade;there are a significant positive correlation between the resilience, proactive personality, career exploration, and career adaptability;perseverance can significantly and positively predict career adaptability among college students, and indirectly influence career adaptability through the individual mediating effects of proactive personality and career exploration, as well as the chain mediating effects of proactive personality and career exploration. Colleges and universities are suggested to promote collaboration between families, schools, and communities to cultivate students' psychological qualities of courage and perseverance;stimulate students' endogenous motivation for career development to shape the proactive personality traits;innovate career exploration paths to enhance the career adaptability of college students.