新时期乡村教师队伍建设政策的内在图景与优化策略

The Inner Landscape and Optimization Strategies of Rural Teacher Team Construction Policies in the New Era

乡村教师队伍建设是促进乡村教育高质量发展与现代化转型的基石,对于实现乡村教育振兴和教育振兴乡村“双促进、双循环”工作格局意义重大。乡村教师队伍建设改革与发展受政策引导、调整与深化,政策既反映社会的潜在意识形态与主流价值导向,也表征政府的注意力配置和最终价值选择。以新时期国家出台的104份乡村教师队伍建设政策文本为研究对象,基于政策工具理论构建“政策工具—建设要素—时间序列”三维分析框架,并运用内容分析法进行系统分析发现,政策工具分布特征为重短期效益,轻持续激发;建设要素分布特征为重显性兜底,轻隐性发展;时间序列分布特征为政策经历探索规范、创新发展、推进完善、深化改进四个阶段。但当前乡村教师队伍建设政策存在效力弱化、诉求滞化、话语隐化等潜在风险,并以政策工具使用结构失衡诱发政策牵引功能失调、建设要素指标分布不均致使政策长远规划失序、政策文本存在同质倾向加剧政策执行效果失色为具体表征。基于此,为促进乡村教师“下得去、留得住、教得好”,打造一支高素质专业化创新型乡村教师队伍,应完善政策工具结构以提升工具整合效益、优化建设要素供给以健全配套支持机制、均衡配置政策话语以促进话语精细化表达。

The construction of rural teacher team is the cornerstone of promoting the high-quality development and modernization of rural education,and is of great significance for realizing the“dual promotion and dual circulation”work pattern of rural education revitalization and revitalizing rural areas through education.The reform and development of rural teacher corps is guided,adjusted and deepened by policies,which not only reflect the underlying ideology and mainstream value orientation of the society,but also represent government attention allocation and ultimate value choice.Based on the theory of policy tools,taking 104 policy texts on rural teacher team construction issued by the government in the new era as the research object,a three-dimensional analysis framework of“policy tools-construction elements-time series”was constructed,and the content analysis method was used to conduct a systematic analysis,and it was found that the distribution characteristics of policy instruments were focused more on short-term benefits and less on continuous stimulation;the distribution characteristics of construction elements were focused more on explicit support and less on implicit development;the time series distribution is characterized by four stages:exploration and standardization,innovation and development,promotion and improvement,and deepening and improvement.However,there are potential risks in the current policy on the construction of rural teachers,such as weakened effectiveness,sluggish demands,and hidden discourse.These risks are manifested by the structural imbalance in the use of policy tools,which can lead to dysfunction in policy guidance,uneven distribution of construction factor indicators,the disorder in long-term policy planning,and the homogeneity of policy texts,all of which exacerbate the deterioration of policy implementation effectiveness.Based on this,in order to promote the retention and teaching of rural teachers,and to build a team of high-quality,professional and innovative rural teachers,it is necessary to improve the structure of policy tools to enhance the efficiency of tool integration,optimize the supply of construction factors to improve the supporting mechanism,and balance the allocation of policy discourse to promote the refined expression of discourse.