单用途型预付式消费者权益保护研究

Research on the protection of single-purpose prepaid consumer rights and interests

单用途预付式消费者权益面临“信息不对称”侵害消费者知情权、“经营者利用‘优势地位’”侵害消费者自由选择权、消保法第25条撤销请求权难以落到实处、债权债务处理不当、商家滥用格式条款五大现实困境。究其原因在于既有格式条款效力相关规则不足以规范预付式消费合同、意思表示瑕疵救济规则在预付式消费领域未发挥充分作用等问题贯穿于预付费合同全生命周期。为此,文章从预付费合同周期角度构建单用途型预付式消费者权益保护的制度框架和具体路径,即推行标准示范预付式合同、建立保证金或第三方担保制度、健全消费者撤销权制度。

Single purpose prepaid consumer rights are faced with“information asymmetry”infringing on consumersright to know,“operators using their dominant position”infringing on consumersright to choose freely,difficulty in implementing the right to revoke requests for the Article 25 of the Consumer Protection Law,improper handling of creditors rights and debts,and merchants abusing standard terms.The reason is that the existing rules related to the effectiveness of standard terms are not enough to regulate prepaid consumption contracts,and the rules for relief of defects have not played a full role in the field of prepaid consumption throughout the life cycle of prepaid contracts.Therefore,this paper construct a institutional framework and specific path for the protection of the rights and interests of single purpose prepaid consumers from the perspective of the prepaid contract cycle,including promoting standard demonstration prepaid contracts,establishing a deposit or third-party guarantee system and improving the consumer revocation right system.