提升武术教学趣味性:问题审视、致因分析、改革对策

Enhancing the interesting of Wushu teaching:Problem review,cause analysis,and reform countermeasures

趣味性是决定武术教学和育人成效的重要因素。运用文献资料法、教育观察法等,系统思考武术教学趣味性的问题。研究认为:练习武术有无趣味性和武术本身具不具有产生趣味的因子是两回事,武术本身是蕴含趣味因子的,但当前武术教学的整体模式遮蔽武术运动原本有之的趣味性。武术教学缺乏趣味性的致因主要包括:(1)教学内容与学生的武术需求相左;(2)组织形式单一封闭、缺少合作互动;(3)学练环境难以调动学生主动性、课堂氛围沉闷;(4)练习目标模糊、学生难以获得效能感。采用交叉整合、以主代次的方法,提出提升武术教学趣味性的对策:教学内容及价值认同方面,要由复杂难学、止于学会向简单易学、精进无限转变;教学方式及学练环境和氛围方面,要由单一的个人练习情境向偏重双(多)人练习情境转变。

Interesting is an important factor that determines the effectiveness of Wushu teaching and education.By using the methods of literature and educational observation,this study systematically thinks about the interesting of Wushu teaching,and then holds that:whether Wushu practice is interesting or not and whether Wushu itself has interesting factors are two different things,Wushu itself contains interesting factors,but the current overall mode of Wushu teaching has obscured the original interesting of Wushu.The reasons for the lack of interesting in Wushu teaching include:(1)the teaching content is different from the students'Wushu needs;(2)single closed organizational form,and lack of cooperation and interaction;(3)the learning and training environment is difficult to mobilize students'initiative,and the classroom atmosphere is dull;(4)the practice goal is vague,and it is difficult for students to obtain a sense of efficacy.By using the method of cross-integration and primary-to-secondary approach,the research puts forward the reform countermeasures to enhance the interesting of Wushu teaching as follows:in terms of teaching content and value identity,it should change from complicated and difficult to learn,from learning to simple and easy to learn,and make infinite progress;in terms of teaching methods and learning and practicing environment and atmosphere,it is necessary to change from the single individual practice situations to double(multiple)practice situations.