农户兼业、农业生产性服务与农业生产效率——来自全国农村固定观察点的经验证据

Off-farm Work,Agricultural Productive Services and Production Efficiency——Empirical Evidence from National Rural Fixed Observation Points Survey

农户兼业化是农民分化的重要特征,如何促进小农户与现代农业有机衔接是党的十九大提出的重大命题,探讨农户兼业、农业生产性服务对农业生产效率的影响十分必要。基于全国农村固定观察点数据,利用内生转换Probit模型评估农户兼业对农业生产性服务采用的影响,进一步运用似不相关双变量Probit模型和控制函数法实证分析两者对农业生产效率的联合效应。研究表明:农户兼业有利于提升农业生产性服务的采用;农户兼业和农业生产性服务能够显著提高农业生产效率,相较于专业性农户和自有机械农户而言,兼业农户和外购机械服务的农户拥有更高的生产效率。由此认为:应积极培育新型农业经营主体,拓展服务领域,创新服务方式,引导农户进入现代农业发展轨道;正确认识农户兼业化的发展趋势,引导农户调整农业生产要素投入结构,减轻农户兼业可能对农业产生的负面影响。

Off-farm work is a significant feature of farmer differentiation.How to encourage small household farmers to become involved in modern agriculture is a major issue put forward by the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China.It is of great practical significance to explore the impact of farmers’off-farm work and agricultural productive services on agricultural production efficiency.Based on the National Fixed Points dataset,this paper uses the endogenous switching probit model to evaluate the impact of participation in off-farm work on agricultural productive services use.Moreover,the joint impacts of off-farm work participation and agricultural productive services use on agricultural production efficiency are also analyzed using a seemingly unrelated bivariate Probit model and a control function method.The results show that participation in off-farm work facilitates the adoption of agricultural productive services use.Furthermore,off-farm work participation and agricultural productive services can significantly promote the agricultural production efficiency.Compared to specialized farmers and those using self-owned machinery,part-time farmers and farmers using agricultural production services exhibit higher production efficiency.Therefore,it’s suggested to actively cultivate new types of agribusiness,expand service areas,innovate service methods,and guide farmers into the path of modern agricultural development.Meanwhile,it is important to correctly understand the development trend of off-farm work,guide farmers to adjust the input structure of agricultural production factors and mitigate the potential negative impacts of off-farm work on agriculture.