乡村建设行动中的农民主体性参与:实践困境与优化策略

Farmers’Active Participation in Rural Construction:Practical Dilemmas and Optimization Strategies

农民主体性参与是推动乡村建设行动有效实施的关键,其作用发挥不仅要以提高农民参与能力为基础,更要通过优化治理结构保障农民参与权利。基于鲁镇乡村建设行动案例,发现其陷入了农民参与的主体性缺失困境,表现为农民的被动参与、消极参与和牟利参与,违背了主动性、积极性和公益性参与的初衷。权利挤压是农民主体性参与缺失的生成逻辑:为了顺利开展高标准乡村建设行动,地方政府凭借与村庄精英和工商资本的目标合意形成利益共同体,并基于资源共注和收益分配强化利益整合。在此基础上,地方政府、村庄精英和工商资本分别以行政约制、有限动员和机会隔离的方式,排斥目标不同、资源不足的普通农民,这挤压了农民参与的权利,导致农民主体性参与缺失。破解农民参与的主体性缺失困境,需要适当给予基层自由裁量权、创新专项资金的使用方式、强化农民参与的责任意识以激活村社集体,以保障农民参与的权利。

Farmers’active participation is crucial for the effective implementation of rural construction actions.Such participation not only requires enhancing farmers’capacity to engage but also necessitates the optimization of governance structures to safeguard their participatory rights.At present,rural construction actions often fall into the dilemma of lack of subjectivity of farmers’participation,which is manifested in farmers’passive participation,passive participation and profit‐making participation,which violates the original intention of initiative,enthusiasm and public welfare participation.The underlying logic of this participatory deficit is the compression of farmers’rights:In order to carry out highstandard rural construction,local governments form a profit-seeking community with village elites and industrial and commercial capital through aligned goals,concentrating resources and distributing benefits to reinforce the integration of interests.On this basis,local governments,village elites,and industrialand commercial capital respectively exclude farmers with different goals and insufficient resources by means of administrative constraints,limited mobilization,and opportunity segregation,and finally deprive farmers of the right to participate enthusiastically.To solve the dilemma of the lack of subjectivity of farmers’participation,it is necessary to appropriately give the grassroots discretion,innovate the use of special funds,and strengthen the sense of responsibility of farmers’participation to activate the village collective,so as to protect the right of farmers to participate.