“严治宽惩”:基层执法的策略性选择

Strict Regulation with Lenient Punishment:The Strategic Choice of Grassroots Law Enforcement

根据行政命令与行政处罚的实际执行情况,基层执法模式可以划分为“严治严惩”“宽治宽惩”“宽治严惩”“严治宽惩”四种类型。其中,“严治宽惩”模式表现为“严格处置违法行为、宽松处罚违法相对人”,主要适用于具备适度合理性、高危害性、低信息不对称性与低经济价值的违法行为。基于A省C县秸秆禁烧执法的案例研究,尝试以违法事件属性所塑造的三重张力——法律现实张力、多重目标张力与避责策略张力阐释“严治宽惩”的生成逻辑,并提出违法行为恶劣、领导注意力投射以及产生社会影响等特定条件下的“严治严惩”是其重要保障机制。“严治宽惩”内生于中国独特的基层治理场景,反映出基层干部在有限财力与技术约束下,在国家与社会、政策与现实之间维系平衡的灵活与智慧。

According to the implementation of administrative order and administrative punishment,grass-roots law enforcement can be divided into four types:“strict regulation with strict punishment”,“lenient regulation with lenient punishment”,“lenient regulation with strict punishment”and“strict regulation with lenient punishment”.Among them,“strict regulation with lenient punishment”is characterized by strict regulation of illegal behaviors and lenient punishment of illegal counterparts.It mainly applies to illegal behaviors with moderate rationality,high hazard,low information asymmetry,and low economic value.Based on the case study of the straw burning ban in County C,Province A,we attempt to explain the logic of“strict regulation with lenient punishment”by using three-dimensional tension shaped by attributes of illegal events,namely,legal reality tension,multiple objectives tension,and evasion strategy tension.In addition,we propose that“strict regulation with strict punishment”under certain conditions,such as serious illegal behaviors,attention from political leaders and social impact,is an important guarantee for“strict regulation with lenient punishment”.“Strict regulation with strict punishment”is rooted in China’s unique grassroots governance,reflecting the flexibility and wisdom of grassroots cadres in keeping balance between the state and society,as well as policies and reality within the constraints of limited financial and technical resources.