教师减负中利益相关者的博弈困局与突围路径

The Game Dilemma and Breakthrough Path of Stakeholders in Teachers’Burden Reduction

中小学教师减负是党和国家基于新时代教师队伍建设综合考量下的重要举措。然而,教师减负是一项复杂的系统工程,涉及不同主体的利益。以行政部门为代表的权威利益相关者、以教师和中小学校为代表的核心利益相关者、以学生家长与学生为代表的主要利益相关者共同构成了教师减负的利益相关者群体。权威利益相关者与核心利益相关者合作博弈的异化、主要利益相关者与核心利益相关者的负和博弈、权威利益相关者与主要利益相关者的非合作博弈造成了教师减负复杂的博弈困局。究其根本,各利益相关者共识不清、权责模糊与利己决策是造成教师减负博弈困局的根源。为真正减轻教师负担,营造良好的教育教学氛围,建议广泛凝聚社会共识以营造良好的减负生态环境,明晰各主体的权责关系以形成各利益主体的共治格局,重视整体利益提升以缓解多元主体的利益冲突。

Reducing teachers’burden in primary and secondary schools is an important measure taken by the state based on the comprehensive consideration of the construction of the teacher team in the new era.However,teachers’burden reduction is a complex project involving the interests of different subjects.The authoritative stakeholders represented by the administrative department,the core stakeholders represented by teachers and primary and secondary schools,and the main stakeholders represented by parents and students constitute the stakeholder group of teachers’burden reduction.The alienation of the cooperative game between authoritative stakeholders and core stakeholders,the negative-sum game between main stakeholders and core stakeholders,and the non-cooperative game between authoritative stakeholders and major stakeholders have caused a complex game dilemma for teachers to reduce their burden.Fundamentally,the unclear consensus of various stakeholders,ambiguous rights and responsibilities and self-interested decision-making are the root causes of the dilemma of teachers’burden reduction.In order to truly reduce the burden on teachers and create a good atmosphere for education and teaching,social consensus should be widely condensed to create a good ecological environment for reducing burdens.The responsibility and power relationship of each subject should be clarified to form a co-governance pattern of various stakeholders,and attention should be paid to the promotion of overall interests to alleviate the conflict of interests of multiple subjects.