我国职业教育现代化政策的演进、特征与展望——基于30份政策文本的分析

The Evolution,Characteristics and Prospects of Chinese Vocational Education Modernization Policy-Analysis Based on 30 Policy Texts

职业教育是国民教育体系的重要组成部分,职业教育现代化是实现中国式现代化的重要路径,受到党和国家高度重视。梳理我国职业教育现代化政策的演进,对优化和调整职业教育现代化政策具有重要意义。运用ROST Content Mining等软件分析改革开放以来职业教育现代化的相关政策文本,并构建政策文本的语义网络发现:政策主体由党中央和国务院向部委迁移,政策数量趋于持续和稳定,政策样本形成了由“教育”“职业”“发展”“学校”“建设”“改革”等词构成的核心层。我国职业教育现代化政策可划分为基础、能力、内涵和制度建设四个阶段,政策特征从追求规模扩张、服务经济主战场、政府主导、刚性工具为主,转向高质量发展、社会与人的全面发展兼顾、政府统筹多元参与、刚柔并济的阶段。为高质量地推进职业教育现代化,增强职业教育对经济社会发展需求的适应性,全方位服务中国式现代化,应进一步优化政策工具组合,完善高水平学校和专业群建设制度体系,落实相关主体的权利和责任。

Vocational education is an important part of the national education system,and the modernization of vocational education is an important path to achieve Chinese-style modernization,which continues to be highly valued by the Party and the State.Systematically sorting out the evolution of China’s vocational education modernization policies is of great significance for optimizing and adjusting future vocational education modernization policies.Using ROST Content Mining software to analyze the policy texts related to the modernization of vocational education since the reform and opening up and to construct a semantic network of policy texts,the main body of the policy has migrated from the Party Central Committee and the State Council to the ministries and commissions,and the number of policies tends to be continuous and stable.The number of policies tends to be consistent and stable,and the policy samples form a core layer composed of words such as“education”,“occupation”,“development”,“school”,“construction”,“reform”,and so on.China’s vocational education modernization policy can be divided into four stages:foundation,capacity,connotation and system construction,and the policy features have shifted from the pursuit of scale expansion,serving the main battlefield of the economy,government-led,and rigid tools to high-quality development,balancing the comprehensive development of the society and human beings,and government-coordinated multi-participation,and rigidity and flexibility.In order to promote the modernization of vocational education in a high-quality manner,enhance the adaptability of vocational education to the needs of economic and social development,and provide all-round service for Chinese-style modernization,the combination of policy tools should be further optimized,the institutional system for the construction of high-quality schools and professional clusters should be improved,and the rights and responsibilities of all the main bodies concerned should be implemented.