推拉理论视域下美国社区学院接收国际学生的特征与影响因素及其启示

The Characteristics,Influencing Factors,and Implications of Accepting International Students in American Community Colleges from The Perspective of Push-Pull Theory

基于美国国际教育协会的数据,从国际学生数量、生源国、机构类型、就读专业等方面,探究美国社区学院接收国际学生的现状和特征。发现美国社区学院在接收国际学生上展现了明显特征,包括国际学生数量、生源国、机构类型、就读专业等方面。研究表明,美国社区学院的国际学生总量相对稳定,生源国别更加多元,且主要集中在高转学学院,偏好STEM、商务管理和通识教育专业,然而,存在国际学生流入受到疫情影响大、就读院校分布不均衡、资金来源单一等一系列问题。运用推拉因素分析模型,尝试从政治、经济、教育、文化和个人维度,对影响美国社区学院国际学生流动的因素进行解读。并根据美国社区学院接收国际学生的举措与经验,在“一带一路”倡议背景下,为我国高等职业教育在创新教育合作与交流机制,打造国际教育合作平台;加强政府专项资助项目,构筑多元融资的经费投入机制;建设优势品牌项目,提升高职院校国际竞争力等方面提供借鉴。

Based on data from the American Institute of International Education,the paper explored the current status and characteristics of international students enrolled in community colleges in the U.S.from the perspectives of international student enrollment,countries of origin,institution type,and major of study.It is found that community colleges in the U.S.have distinct features in terms of international student enrollment,including the number of international students,countries of origin,institution type,and major of study.The study shows that the total number of international students in U.S.community colleges is relative⁃ly stable,the source countries are more diversified,and they are mainly concentrated in high-transfer col⁃leges,with a preference for STEM,business management,and general education majors.However,there are a series of problems such as the inflow of international students being affected by epidemics,uneven distri⁃bution of the institution attendance,and a single source of funding.Using the push-pull factor analysis mod⁃el,an attempt is made to interpret the factors affecting international student mobility in U.S.community col⁃leges in terms of political,economic,educational,cultural,and personal dimensions.Based on the initia⁃tives and experiences of U.S.community colleges in accepting international students,the study provides ref⁃erences for China's higher vocational education in the context of the‘Belt and Road’initiative in terms of innovating the mechanism of educational cooperation and exchange and creating a platform for international educational cooperation;strengthening the government's special funding programs and constructing a fund⁃ing mechanism of diversified financing;Building advantage brand project and enhancing the international competitiveness of higher vocational colleges.