技术时代的科学素养观与科学教育改革——兼论科学教育对教育强国建设的重要意义

Science Literacy Conception and Science Education Reform in the Technological Era——The Significance of Science Education to Building an Educational Great Power

加强科学教育是我国加快建设教育强国的重要战略关切和支撑路径。进入智能科技飞速发展的时代,中小学科学教育应重视以提升科学素养为基本目标,帮助学生形成对科学的整体理解,发展科学思维,呵护和鼓励他们的好奇心和创造性。科学素养的内涵也由关注学生应该“有什么”,转向学生能够“做什么”,强调学生主动获得知识并在运用与迁移中发展科学素养。为加快实现我国中小学科学教育创新发展和高质量发展,需要重点在6个方面做出探索和突破:一是以“学生如何学习”为底层逻辑设计科学教育实施体系,二是以学习者为中心建好“社会大课堂”,三是以数智技术驱动真实科学学习,四是保障学生充分参与科学实践,五是提供深度连贯的课程,六是探索科学学习评价创新。为此,需要开启新的研究议程和务实行动,着重在科学学习机制和基本理论、科学教育多主体协同机制、科学学习支持体系等方面加大探索力度,不断提升科学教育的专业化程度及研究水平,更好地服务教育强国建设。

Strengthening science education is an important strategic concern and a supportive path for China to accelerate the construction of educational great power.In an era of rapid advancement of intelligent technology,science education in primary and secondary schools should aim to enhance science literacy as the basic goal,help students form a holistic understanding of science,develop scientific thinking,and nurture and encourage their curiosity and creativity.The connotation of science literacy has also shifted from focusing on what students should“have”to what they can“do”,paying attention to that students should actively acquire knowledge and develop science literacy in using and transferring.To achieve innovative and high-quality development of science education,emphasis should be placed on exploring and making breakthroughs in six aspects:designing a science education implementation system based on the principle of how students learn,constructing a learner-centered“social classroom”,driving authentic science learning with digital technology,ensuring students’full participation in scientific practice,rebuilding a deeper and coherent curriculum,and creating new ways for assessing science learning.Therefore,a new research agenda and pragmatic actions need to be initiated,focusing on exploring the mechanism of how students learn science and its fundamental theories,fostering multi-stakeholder collaboration in science education,and enhancing the support system for science learning,to continuously improve the professionalism and research capabilities of science education,and hence to better serve the goal of building an educationally powerful nation.